SSC CGL Exam > SSC CGL Notes > General Awareness for SSC CGL > Mnemonincs: Ocean Current and types of Currents
Mnemonincs: Ocean Current and types of Currents | General Awareness for SSC CGL PDF Download
Types of Ocean Currents (Based on Depth)
Mnemonic: Super Deep 10-90
S – Surface Currents (10% water, top 400 m)
D – Deep Water Currents (90% water, density & gravity)
Types of Ocean Currents (Based on Temperature)
Mnemonic: Cold West, Warm East
C – Cold currents → West coasts (low & middle latitudes)
W – Warm currents → East coasts (low & middle latitudes)
N – Northern Hemisphere twist → Warm on west coasts in high latitudes
Primary Forces of Ocean Currents
Mnemonic: Hot Windy Cool Gravity
H – Heating by Insolation
W – Wind (circulation + monsoon effect)
C – Coriolis force (right in north, left in south → gyres)
G – Gravity (slope & gradient flow)
Secondary Forces of Ocean Currents
Mnemonic: Salt & Cold Sink
S – Salinity differences
C – Cold water (temperature differences)
D – Density variations → vertical currents (upwelling/downwelling)
Causes of Ocean Currents
Mnemonic: Wind Temp Salt Spin Coast
W – Wind (planetary winds)
T – Temperature gradient (equator → poles)
S – Salinity differences
S – Spin of Earth (Coriolis effect)
C – Coastline (deflection, gyres, upwelling)
Major Divisions of Ocean Floor
Mnemonic: Silly Slopes Plainly Deep
S – Continental Shelf
S – Continental Slope
P – Abyssal Plain
D – Oceanic Deeps (Trenches)
Ocean Deposits (By Origin)
Mnemonic: The Hot Cosmic Ooze
T – Terrigenous (from land, rivers, winds)
H – Hydrogenous (formed in water, salts, nodules)
C – Cosmic (extraterrestrial, tektites)
O – Oozes (biological remains)
Minor Ocean Relief Features
Mnemonic: Really Huge Submarine Giants Always Rock Seas
R – Ridges
H – Hills
S – Seamounts
G – Guyots
A – Atolls
R – Reefs
S – Shoals & Banks
Mid-Oceanic Ridge
Mnemonic: Twin Peaks with a Valley
T – Two parallel mountain chains
P – Peaks (often volcanic, some above sea level like Iceland)
V – Central Valley (rift)
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FAQs on Mnemonincs: Ocean Current and types of Currents - General Awareness for SSC CGL
| 1. What are the main types of ocean currents based on depth? |  |
Ans. Ocean currents can be classified based on depth into three main types: surface currents, thermocline currents, and deep ocean currents. Surface currents occur at the uppermost layer of the ocean and are primarily driven by wind. Thermocline currents are found at the thermocline layer, where temperature changes significantly with depth. Deep ocean currents flow below the thermocline and are influenced by differences in water density, driven by factors like temperature and salinity.
| 2. How are ocean currents categorized based on temperature? | |
Ans. Ocean currents can be categorized into warm and cold currents based on temperature. Warm currents originate from tropical regions and flow toward higher latitudes, bringing warmer water. Examples include the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio Current. Cold currents flow from polar regions toward the equator, bringing cooler water. An example of a cold current is the California Current.
| 3. What are the primary forces that drive ocean currents? | |
Ans. The primary forces driving ocean currents include wind, the Earth's rotation (Coriolis effect), and differences in water density due to temperature and salinity variations. Wind generates surface currents, while the Earth's rotation causes these currents to curve. Additionally, density differences can create deep ocean currents, contributing to the overall circulation of ocean waters.
| 4. What are the secondary forces that influence ocean currents? | |
Ans. Secondary forces influencing ocean currents include the gravitational pull of the moon and sun, which lead to tidal currents, and the friction between water layers. The configuration of coastlines and the ocean floor can also redirect currents. Together, these secondary forces modify the flow of water initiated by primary driving forces.
| 5. What are the major divisions of the ocean floor? | |
Ans. The ocean floor is generally divided into three major zones: the continental margin, the ocean basin, and the mid-ocean ridge. The continental margin includes the continental shelf and slope, leading to the deep-sea floor. The ocean basin consists of abyssal plains, seamounts, and ocean trenches. The mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain range formed by tectonic activity, where new oceanic crust is created.
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Oct 06, 2025
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