Class 10 Exam > Class 10 Notes > Gender, Religion, Caste - NCERT Solution, Class 10 SST
Gender, Religion, Caste - NCERT Solution, Class 10 SST PDF Download
CHAPTER 04 - GENDER, RELIGION AND CASTE
Question 1: Mention different aspects of life in which women are discriminated or disadvantaged in India.
In India, women are discriminated and disadvantaged n the following ways:
(a) They are not provided adequate education. Thus, the literacy rate among women is just 54%.
(b) Most of the labour done by them is unpaid. Where they are paid for their work, they receive lesser wages than men.
(c) Due to the preference for the boy child, female foeticide is practiced in many parts of the country.
Question 2: State different forms of communal politics with one example each.
Different forms of communal politics:
(a) The expression of communal superiority in everyday beliefs
Militant religious groups are a good example of this.
(b) The desire to form a majoritarian dominance or a separate state
Separatist leaders and political parties in Jammu and Kashmir and Central India are an example of this.
(c) The use of religious symbols and leaders in politics to appeal to the voters
This technique is applied by many politicians to influence voters from the two largest religious communities in the country.
(d) In addition to all this, communal politics can take the form of communal violence and riots, like the riots in Gujarat in 2002.
Question 3: State how caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Caste inequalities have not completely disappeared from India. Even today, most people marry within their own caste or tribe. Despite constitutional prohibition, untouchability has not ended completely. Education is not easily available to the so called 'low castes'. Economic status is closely linked to the caste system. In modern India, like in pre-independence India, the poor are mostly the 'low castes' while the rich are the 'high castes', thereby showing that caste inequalities are still continuing in India.
Question 4: State two reasons to say that caste alone cannot determine election results in India.
Caste alone cannot determine election results in India because:
No parliamentary constituency has a clear majority of one single caste.
No party wins all the votes of a particular caste.
Question 5: What is the status of women’s representation in India’s legislative bodies?
When it comes to representation of women in legislative bodies, India is among the bottom group of nations in the world. Women’s representation has always been less than 10% in Lok Sabha and 5% in the State Assemblies.
On the other hand, the situation is different in the case of local government bodies. As one-third of seats in local government bodies (panchayats and municipalities) is reserved for women, there are more than 10 lakh elected women representatives in rural and urban local bodies.
Question 6: Mention any two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state.
Two constitutional provisions that make India a secular state are:
The Constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practice and propagate any religion, or not to follow any.
The Constitution prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion.
Question 7: When we speak of gender divisions, we usually refer to:
(a) Biological difference between men and women
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
(c) Unequal child sex ratio
(d) Absence of voting rights for women in democracies
(b) Unequal roles assigned by the society to men and women
Question 8: In India seats are reserved for women in
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) State Legislative Assemblies
(c) Cabinets
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
(d) Panchayati Raj bodies
Question 9: Consider the following statements on the meaning of communal politics. Communal politics is based on the belief that:
Α. One religion is superior to that of others.
Β. People belonging to different religions can live together happily as equal citizens.
C. Followers of a particular religion constitute one community.
D. State power cannot be used to establish the domination of one religious group over others.
Which of the statements is/are correct?
(a) A, B, C and D
(b) A, B and D
(c) A and C
(d) B and D
(c) A and C
Question 10: Which among the following statements about India’s Constitution is wrong? It
(a) prohibits discrimination on grounds of religion
(b) gives official status to one religion
(c) provides to all individuals freedom to profess any religion
(d) ensures equality of citizens within religious communities
(b) gives official status to one religion
Question 11: Social divisions based on ______________ are peculiar to India.
Social divisions based on caste are peculiar to India.
FAQs on Gender, Religion, Caste - NCERT Solution, Class 10 SST
| 1. What is the significance of gender in Indian society? |  |
Ans. Gender has a significant role in Indian society, where the patriarchal mindset is prevalent. Women are often considered inferior to men and are subjected to discrimination and exploitation. They are expected to fulfill traditional gender roles and are not given equal opportunities in education, employment, and politics. Despite several legal provisions to protect women's rights, gender-based violence and discrimination remain prevalent in Indian society.
| 2. How does religion influence caste in India? | |
Ans. Religion has a significant influence on caste in India. The caste system is deeply rooted in Hinduism, where every individual is born into a specific caste based on their birth. Other religions like Sikhism, Buddhism, and Jainism also have their caste systems, which are similar to Hinduism. However, Christianity and Islam do not have a caste system. Despite constitutional provisions to abolish the caste system, it still exists in various forms and is deeply intertwined with religion.
| 3. What role do caste and religion play in Indian politics? | |
Ans. Caste and religion play a significant role in Indian politics, often determining voting patterns and political alliances. Political parties often use caste and religion as tools to win elections, and politicians make promises to specific castes and religious groups to secure their votes. This has led to the emergence of identity-based politics in India, where people vote for their caste or religious identity rather than the candidate's abilities or policies.
| 4. How does discrimination based on gender, religion, and caste impact Indian society? | |
Ans. Discrimination based on gender, religion, and caste has a severe impact on Indian society. It leads to social, economic, and political inequalities, where certain groups are privileged over others. Discrimination against women leads to their exclusion from various spheres of life and restricts their opportunities for growth and development. Discrimination based on religion and caste leads to communal tensions, violence, and discrimination against marginalized communities. It also affects the country's growth and development by hindering social cohesion and reducing the overall progress.
| 5. What measures can be taken to address the issue of discrimination based on gender, religion, and caste in India? | |
Ans. To address discrimination based on gender, religion, and caste, India needs to take several measures. The government needs to ensure the effective implementation of laws and policies that protect the rights of marginalized communities. Education and awareness programs should be conducted to sensitize people and promote gender and social equality. Political parties should refrain from using identity-based politics and instead focus on policies that benefit everyone. Society needs to change its mindset and adopt a more inclusive and tolerant approach towards diversity.
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