Blood Relations with Examples | General Test Preparation for CUET UG - CUET Commerce PDF Download

Blood relations

Blood relations, also called family relationships, are connections among members of a family based on birth, marriage or adoption. Questions on blood relations test your ability to deduce ties such as parent-child, siblings, uncle/aunt, nephew/niece, cousins and in-laws from given statements. These problems train logical reasoning and careful reading of relationships.

Family tree

A family tree (also called a genealogical tree or pedigree chart) is a diagram that shows how people in a family are related across generations. It usually shows parents, children, siblings and spouses, and helps visualise relationships quickly and clearly.

• A family tree typically includes direct ancestors, descendants, siblings and spouses, and shows how individuals are connected by blood or marriage.

Observations from the family tree

1. Akash and Arjun are brothers, and Anne is the wife of Arjun.
2. Myra is the daughter of Arjun and Anne.
3. Veena is the mother of Akash, and she has three brothers: Vishnu, Ravi, and Guru.
4. Lakshmi Narayan is the father of Arjun and the son of Krishna Rao and Radha.
5. Narayan and Shakuntala are husband and wife and are the parents of Veena.

Important terms in blood relations

• Ancestor - a person from whom one is descended (grandparent, great-grandparent, etc.).
• Descendant - a person who is descended from another (child, grandchild, etc.).
• Siblings - persons who share at least one parent (brother, sister).
• Spouse - husband or wife; a person joined by marriage.
• In-law - a relative by marriage (father-in-law, sister-in-law, etc.).
• Uncle / Aunt - a brother or sister of a parent, or the spouse of such a person.
• Nephew / Niece - son or daughter of one's sibling.
• Cousin - child of one's uncle or aunt (first cousin).
• Generation - a level in the family tree (parents and their children are different generations).
• Lineage - the line of descent traced from an ancestor.

How to draw a family diagram (important symbols)

Using simple symbols makes it easier to draw and read family diagrams. Common conventions:

• Use a horizontal line to join a married couple.
• Use a vertical line downward from a couple to their children.
• Place siblings on the same horizontal level under their parents.
• Use labels (names, gender markers) to avoid ambiguity.

Some Basic Important blood relationships are shown below through a diagram.

Solved examples

Example 1: In a family, there are seven persons, comprising two married couples. T is the son of M and the grandson of K. M is a widower. M and R are brothers and W is the daughter-in-law of J, who is the mother of R and the grandmother of D. How is D related to M?
(a) Son
(b) Son-in-Law
(c) Nephew or Niece
(d) Brother

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

D is the child of R (since J is mother of R and grandmother of D). M and R are brothers; therefore, D, being R's child, is M's nephew or niece. The gender of D is not specified, so the correct answer is nephew or niece.

Example 2: Arti and Saurabh are the children of Mr and Mrs Shah. Ritu and Shakti are the children of Mr and Mrs Mehra. Saurabh and Ritu are married to each other and two daughters Mukti and Shruti are born to them. Shakti is married to Rina and two children Subhash and Reshma are born to them. How is Arti related to Shruti?
(a) Mother
(b) Mother-in-Law
(c) Sister
(d) Aunt

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

Arti is the sister of Saurabh (they are children of Mr and Mrs Shah). Saurabh is the father of Shruti. Therefore Arti is Shruti's paternal aunt. The correct relationship is aunt.

Example 3: T, S and R are three brothers. T's son Q is married to K and they have one child Rahul. M, the son of S, is married to H and this couple is blessed with a daughter Madhvi. R has a daughter N who is married to P. This couple has one daughter Karuna born to them. How is Madhvi related to S?
(a) Daughter
(b) Niece
(c) Granddaughter
(d) None of The Above

Ans: (c)

Explanation:

M is the son of S. Madhvi is the daughter of M. Therefore Madhvi is the granddaughter of S. The correct option is granddaughter.

Example 4: Mohan is the son of Arun's father's sister. Prakash is the son of Reva, who is the mother of Vikas and grandmother of Arun. Pranab is the father of Neela and the grandfather of Mohan. Reva is the wife of Pranab. How is the wife of Vikas related to Neela?
(a) Sister
(b) Sister-in-Law
(c) Niece
(d) None of The Above

Ans: (b)

Explanation:

Reva and Pranab are husband and wife. Reva is the mother of Vikas and grandmother of Arun, so Vikas is in the same generation as Neela's parent. The diagram shows that Vikas is Neela's brother. Therefore the wife of Vikas is Neela's sister-in-law.

Example 5: Pinky, who is Victor's daughter, says to Lucy, "Your mother Rosy is the younger sister of my father, who is the third child of Joseph." How is Joseph related to Lucy?
(a) Father-in-Law
(b) Father
(c) Maternal Uncle
(d) Grandfather

Ans: (d)

Explanation:

Joseph is the parent of three children; one of those children is Victor (Pinky's father) and another is Rosy (Lucy's mother). Since Rosy is Lucy's mother and Rosy is Joseph's child, Joseph is Lucy's grandfather. The correct answer is grandfather.