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Class 6 Civics Notes - Key Elements of a Democratic Government

Chapter Notes - Key Elements of a Democratic Government   

  • For long people have struggled for their rights.
  • It is generally perceived that democracy is the best system to give rights to people.  

Ending of Racial Discrimination:  

(i) The continent of South Africa is very close to the Asian subcontinent.  

(ii) For over nearly six decades in later part of the 20th century, the country was in the news for the practice of apartheid or racial discrimination.  

(iii) Majority of the South African population was of blacks. The white settlers who settled here pursued a policy of ruthless suppression towards the black majority.  

(iv) The discrimination was so apparent that everyone could see it.  

(v) After several decades of endless struggle, the policy of racial discrimination towards blacks came to an end in 1994with Nelson Mandela being sworn in as a black President.

Participation:  

(i) For a successful democracy, it is essential for people to participate in its governance.  

(ii) This participation takes place through voting in elections.  

(iii) In India, general elections are held after every five years to keep a check on the government.

Other ways of Participation:  

(i) In addition to election, there are several other ways of participation.  

(ii) Some such methods are dharnas, rallies, strikes, signature campaigns and another form of protests.  

(iii) Mass media like TV, newspapers, magazines and other agencies also play a major role in highlighting public issues and moulding public opinion.

Need to Resolve Conflicts: Role of Government:  

(i) In any country problems may result in conflicts and lead to unpleasantness.  

(ii) There may arise a situation when two people or two groups feel that they are not being treated fairly or are being discriminated on grounds of culture, region, religion, economic background, caste, race, etc.  

(iii) It is the government’s responsibility to resolve these conflicts.

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Rivers as a Source of Conflict  

(i) The water flowing between two states or countries can lead to a conflict.  

(ii) For example, Tamil Nadu in India would get water only if Karnataka releases it and this leads to conflict.  

(iii) It has led to the creation of a tribunal to see sharing of river water in these states.

Equality and Justice:  

(i) One of the main responsibilities of a democracy is giving impartial justice and equality to all.  

(ii) Equality and Justice are two different sides of the same coin and are inseparable in democracy. They go hand in hand.  

(iii) Dr. Ambedkar, had waged a long struggle for getting rights to Dalits or untouchables
(iv) Laws were made to abolish untouchability.  

(v) Likewise, the Hindu Marriage Act provides equal inheritance right to daughters in their father’s property.  

(vi) Without justice and equality democracy would remain meaningless and directionless.

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1. What are the key elements of a democratic government?
Ans. The key elements of a democratic government are: 1. People's participation: In a democratic government, people have the right to participate in the decision-making process through free and fair elections. 2. Rule of law: The government is bound by the law, and no one is above the law. The judiciary has the power to ensure that the government follows the law. 3. Separation of powers: The power is distributed among the three branches of government: legislature, executive, and judiciary. 4. Fundamental rights: Every citizen has certain fundamental rights that the government must protect. 5. Accountability and transparency: The government is accountable to the people, and the decision-making process is transparent.
2. Why is people's participation important in a democratic government?
Ans. People's participation is important in a democratic government because it ensures that the government represents the will of the people. In a democratic government, people have the right to participate in the decision-making process through free and fair elections. This gives people the power to choose their leaders and hold them accountable. People's participation also ensures that the government is more responsive to the needs of the people.
3. How does the separation of powers ensure a democratic government?
Ans. The separation of powers ensures a democratic government by distributing power among the three branches of government: legislature, executive, and judiciary. This ensures that no single branch of government has too much power, and each branch can act as a check on the other two. The legislature makes laws, the executive implements laws, and the judiciary ensures that the government follows the law. This ensures that the government operates within the framework of the constitution and the rule of law.
4. What are fundamental rights in a democratic government?
Ans. Fundamental rights are certain basic rights that every citizen is entitled to in a democratic government. These rights include the right to freedom of speech and expression, the right to peaceful assembly, the right to practice any religion, the right to equality before the law, and the right to life and liberty. These rights are enshrined in the constitution and the government must protect and uphold them.
5. Why is accountability and transparency important in a democratic government?
Ans. Accountability and transparency are important in a democratic government because they ensure that the government is accountable to the people. The government is responsible for the welfare of the people, and the people have the right to know what decisions the government is making and why. Transparency ensures that the decision-making process is open and fair, and that the government is not corrupt or acting in its own interests. Accountability ensures that the government is held responsible for its actions and decisions.
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