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(Q1) “No enterprise can achieve its objectives without systematic planning." Do you agree with this statement? Give any five reasons in support of your answer.                                                                       (CBSE, Delhi 2003)

Ans. Yes, Importance of Planning'. 

(Q2) “Though planning is an important tool of management, yet it is not a remedy for all types of problems."Do you agree with this statement? Give any five reasons in support of your answer.                                

                                                                OR                                                           (CBSE, All India 2003) 

Why does planning sometimes fail in spite of the best efforts of management?

Ans. Yes, Limitations of Planning'.

(Q3) A Company needs a detailed plan for its new project, Construction of a Shopping Mall'. What type of plan is it?                                                                                      (CBSE, Sample Paper 2010)

Ans. Programme.

(Q4) A company is manufacturing garments. The manager wants to increase the profits by:

Ø  Purchasing new high speed machines, or

Ø  Increasing the sale price, or

Ø  Using waste material in manufacturing stuffed toys.

He decided that' using waste material' to increase the profit is the best solution for him.

(a) Identify the concept of management involved.

(b) Mention the steps involved in the above process.

(c) To complete the process of the concept identified in (a), what further steps does the manager have to take?                                                                                                                                                          (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2009)

Ans.    (a) Planning.

(b) The steps involved are: Identifying alternative courses of action, Evaluating alternative courses and Selecting an alternative.

(c) For other steps, refer Steps in Planning Process'.

(Q5) Rahul a worker, is given a target of assembling two computers per day. Due to his habit of doing things differently, an idea struck him which would not only reduce the assembling time of computers but would also reduce the cost of production of the computers. Rahul's supervisor instead of appreciating him, ordered him to complete the work as per the methods and techniques decided earlier as nothing could be changed at that stage.

The above para describes one of the limitations of planning function of management. Name and explain that limitation.                                                                                                                                        (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2011)

Ans. The limitation is “Planning reduces Creativity". Planning involves determination of policies, procedures and programme in advance. Employees have to strictly follow them and deviations are considered to be highly undesirable. As a result, employees do not get opportunity to show their skills and it limits their initiative and creativity. Employees become more concerned on strict compliance of rules and procedures. Sometimes, they even ignore the changes in the circumstances.

(Q6) After the following logical steps in the process of planning, explain the steps required to complete the process:

(a) Setting objectives; 

(b) Developing premises; and 

(c) Identifying alternative courses of action.                                             (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2014)  

Ans. Steps required to complete the process of planning are:

(i) Evaluating alternative courses of action.

(ii) Selecting an alternative.

(iii) Preparation of derivative plans.

(iv) Implementing the plan and follow up action.

(Q7) One of the functions of management is considered a base for all other functions. Name that function.                                                        OR                                          (CBSE Sample Paper 2008)

Which management function bridges the gap between where we are and where we want to go to?

Ans. Planning.

(Q8) ‘Planning eliminates changes/uncertainties.’ Do you agree? Give reason in support of your answer.                                                                                                          (CBSE, Sample Paper 2010)

Ans. No, I do not agree because planning only anticipates not eliminates changes/uncertainties.

(Q9) How is planning a pervasive function? State                                (CBSE, Foreign 2012)

Ans. Planning is a pervasive function of management because it is performed by all levels of management.

(Q10) State first two steps in the process of planning.                          (CBSE, Delhi 2009)

Ans. (i) Setting objectives; (ii) Developing premises.

(Q11) What is meant by 'selecting an alternative’ as a step in the planning process?

(CBSE, All India 2009)

Ans. It involves selecting the most suitable course of action out of various alternatives. The alternative to be selected must be the most feasible and profitable alternative.

(Q12) What is meant by follow-up action as the step involved in the planning process?

(CBSE, Foreign 2009)

Ans. It means to ensure whether plans are being implemented and activities are performed according to schedule.

(Q13) Define ‘objectives' as types of plans.                                            (CBSE, Foreign 2009)

Ans. Objectives refer to the end points towards which all business activities are directed. For example, increasing sales by 10% in 6 months.

(Q14) What is meant by ‘Policy' as a type of Plan?                   (CBSE, All India 2009, Delhi 2014)

Ans. Policy is a general statement that guides thinking or channelise energy towards a particular direction.

(Q15) Give one difference between policy and procedure.                 (CBSE, Delhi 2009)

Ans. Policy is more flexible as compared to procedure.

(Q16) ‘Planning always leads to success’. Do you agree? Give reason in support of your answer.                                                                                           (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2009, All India 2012)

Ans. No, I do not agree. Planning sometimes fails due to rigidity and uncertainty involved in changing business environment.

(Q17) Name the type of plan which is time bound and linked with measurable outcome.

Ans. Budget / Objective (anyone).                                                                     (CBSE, Delhi 2012)

(Q18) Name the type of plan which provides the broad contours of an organisation's business.                                                                                                                                                (CBSE, All India 2012)

Ans. Objective.

(Q19) Name the type of plan which provides the prescribed ways in which a task has to be performed considering the objective.                                                              (CBSE. Foreign 2012)

Ans. Method.

(Q20) ‘Planning is done for achieving the organisational objectives.’ Do you agree? Give one reason in support of your answer.                                                                                                                             (CBSE Delhi 2012)

Ans. Yes, I agree with it. Planning is goal-oriented, i.e. the purpose of planning is to develop and facilitate accomplishment of organisation objectives.

(Q21) Name the type of plan which tells what is to be done and what is not to be done.

Ans. Rules.                                                                                                   (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2012)

(Q22) Why is planning called a primary function of management?   (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2012)

Ans. Planning is called a primary function of management because every manager is required to plan before performing any other function of management

(Q23) To see whether plans are being implemented and activities are being performed according to schedule', is a step of planning process. Identify the step.                                                                             (CBSE, All India 2013) 

Ans. Follow-up action. 

(Q24) Give the meaning of ‘Method’ as a type of plan.                                     (CBSE, All India 2014)

Ans. Method is the prescribed way or manner in which a task has to be performed considering the objective.

(Q25) Dreams can be turned into reality only when managers think in advance what to do and how to do it.’ Name the function of management indicated by the statement.

Ans. Planning.                                                                                             (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2014)

(Q26) State the type of plan that does not allow any flexibility.           (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2014)

Ans. Rules.

(Q27) Deciding in advance what to do and how to do is one of the basic management functions. Give the meaning of this function.                                                        (CBSE, All India) Compt. 2014

Ans. Planning is the function being referred to. Planning refers to the process of setting objectives for a given time period, formulating various courses of action to achieve them, and then selecting the best possible alternative from among the various courses of action available.

(Q28) Name the type of plan which is in the form of general statements, that guides thinking towards a particular direction and helps in solving routine problems.

Ans. Policy                                                                                                   (CBSE, All India Compt. 2014)

(Q29) Define ‘Planning premises'.                                                           (CBSE, Sample Paper 2015)

Ans. The Manager is required to make certain assumptions about the future, which are the base

material upon which plans are to be drawn. These assumptions are called premises.

(Q30) "Failing to plan is planning to fail". Explain with suitable examples.

(CBSE, Sample Paper 2010)

(Q31) Why is planning a prerequisite for controlling?                                                  (CBSE, 2009)

Ans. Planning provides the standards against which actual performance is measured. A comparison of actual performance with the standards helps managers to identify the deviations and to take corrective action. Thus, planning is the basis/prerequisite for controlling.

(Q32) In spite of many advantages state how planning can be detrimental.            (CBSE, 2008) 

Ans. Because unforeseen events and changes, rise in costs and prices, government interventions, legal regulations, all affect business plans. Plans then need to be modified.

(Q33) Name the type of plan which is in the form of general statements and channelises energies towards a particular direction.                                                                                            (CBSE, 2010)

Hint: Policy 

(Q34) Name the type of plan which specifies the steps to carry out different activities in a chronological order.                                                                                                  (CBSE, 2010)

Hint: Procedure.

(Q35) Which type of plan has the least flexibility and why?                                        (CBSE, 2008)

Ans. Rules, because they reflect a managerial decision that a certain action must or must not be taken. They allow no discretion/compromise in their application.

(Q36) Name the type of plan which provides the broad contours of an organisation's business.

Ans. Strategy                                                                                                                       (CBSE, 2012)

(Q37) Name the type of plan which defines the parameters in which a manager may function.

Hint: Policy                                                                                                                          (CBSE, 2012)

SHORT TYPE QUESTIONS 

(Q1) Explain how planning provides direction to action?                    (CBSE Delhi 2008)

(Q2) What is meant by ‘Planning"? List any two features of planning. (CBSE, Delhi 2010)

(Q3) "Planning is an important function of management." State any four reasons in favour of the statement.                                                                                                      (CBSE Delhi 2011)

OR

In addition to providing directions and reducing the risk of uncertainty, planning helps managers in many other ways. Explain any four such ways.                                     (CBSE Delhi Compt. 2014)

(Q4) State the steps involved in the planning process.                        (CBSE, Sample Paper 2014)

(Q5) Explain how planning is a mental exercise"?                              (CBSE, Delhi 2008)

(Q6) Explain how planning is futuristic"?                                                           (CBSE, Delhi 2008)

(Q7) Explain objective' and policy as types of plan using suitable examples. (CBSE, Delhi 2008)

(Q8) Explain ‘procedure' and ‘programme' as types of plan.               (CBSE, Delhi 2008)

(Q9) Differentiate between ‘Method’ and 'Budget as types of plans. (CBSE, Delhi 2011)

(Q10) Differentiate between ‘Policy' and 'Rule' as types of Plans.     (CBSE, Delhi 2011)

(Q11) Explain Policy' and Procedure' as types of plans.                      (CBSE, Delhi 2010)

(Q12) Explain method' and 'rule' as types of plan.                                (CBSE, Delhi 2008, 2010)

(Q13) Explain objective' and 'strategy' as types of plan.                       (CBSE, Delhi 2010)

(Q14) Explain the meaning of Objectives' as a type of plan.

(CBSE, Delhi 2013, Sample Paper 2014)

(Q15) Explain ‘Method’ as one of the types of plans.                           (CBSE, Delhi 2013)

(Q16) Explain Strategy' as one of the types of plans.                           (CBSE Delhi 2013)

(Q17) Explain the following as features of Planning:                           (CBSE, Delhi 2013)

(a) Planning is continuous; and

(b) Planning is futuristic.                                                                 

(Q18) Explain the following features of planning:                                 (CBSE, Delhi 2013)

(a) Planning focuses on achieving objectives, and

(b) Planning is a mental-exercise.                                                 

(Q19) Explain the following features of planning:                                 (CBSE, Delhi 2013)

(a) Planning involves decision making; and     

(b) Planning is pervasive.                                                             

(Q20) Explain how: (a) planning provides direction for action; and

(b) Planning leads to rigidity.                     (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2013)

(Q21) Explain how: (a) planning reduces the risks of uncertainty; and

(b) Planning involves huge costs.                        (CBSE Delhi Compt. 2013)

(Q22) Explain how: (a) Planning focuses on achieving objectives; and

(b) Planning does not guarantee success. (CBSE, Delhi Compt. 2013)

(Q23) Explain how: (a) Planning reduces overlapping and wasteful activities; and

(b) Planning reduces creativity.                (CBSE, All India Compt. 2013)

(Q24) Explain how: (a) Planning facilitates decision-making; and

(b) Planning may not work in a dynamic environment. (CBSE, All India Compt. 2013)

(Q25) Process of planning involves certain logical steps. Explain the first four steps of this process.                                                                                                    (CBSE, All India Compt. 2014)

LONG ANSWERS TYPE QUESTIONS 

(Q1) Explain briefly any six features of planning.                     (CBSE, Delhi 2004, 05, 09, 12, 14)

(Q2) Defining 'organisational objectives' is the first step in the process of planning. Explain, in brief, the other steps of this process.                                                                                    (CBSE, Delhi 2005)

OR

Explain the process of Planning.                                                                                     (CBSE, All India 2006)

(Q3) Explain Policies and Procedures' as the types of Plans. Differentiate between the two on any four basis.                                                                                                              (CBSE, Delhi 2006)

(Q4) In spite of best efforts of managers, sometimes planning fails to achieve desired results due to its limitations. Explain any 5 limitations of planning.                                 (CBSE, Sample Paper 2010)

OR

State any five limitations of ‘Planning'.                                                (CBSE, Delhi 2012, Delhi 2014)

(Q5) Explain how does planning help reducing uncertainties?                     (CBSE, Delhi 2007)

(Q6) “Planning is of vital importance in the managerial process." Do you agree? Explain in brief any five reasons in support of your answer.                                                                      (CBSE, All India 2005)

                                                                        OR

Explain any five points of importance of planning for a large business enterprise.

       (CBSE, Delhi 2009, All India 2013, Delhi 2014)

(Q7) Explain ‘Rules' and ‘Methods’ as types of Plans. Differentiate between the two on any four basis.                                                                                                                                     (CBSE, Delhi 2006)

(Q8) State any three advantages and two limitations of ‘Planning'.               (CBSE, Delhi 2012)