Basics of Wi-Fi | Computer Networks - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) PDF Download

Basics of Wi-Fi

We’ve been studying a lot about the Wired Network. Ethernet is the most common example. Wired networks differ from wireless which use radio waves rather than transmitting electrical signals over the cables.
Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity. It is a technology for wireless local area networking with devices based on IEEE 802.11 standards.
Wi-Fi compatible devices can connect to the internet via WLAN network and a wireless acces point abbreviated as AP. Every WLAN has an access point which is responsible for receiving and transmitting data from/to users.
IEEE has defined certain specifications for wireless LAN, called IEEE 802.11 which covers physical and data link layers.

The architecture of this standard has 2 kinds of services:
1. BSS (Basic Service Set)
2. ESS (Extended Service Set)

 
BSS is the basic building block of WLAN. It is made of wireless mobile stations and an optional central base station called Access Point.
Stations can form a network without an AP and can agree to be a part of a BSS.
A BSS without an AP cannot send data to other BSSs and defines a standalone network. It is called Ad-hoc network or Independent BSS(IBSS).
A BSS with AP is infrastructure network.
The figure below depicts an IBSS, BSS with the blue coloured box depicting an AP.

Basics of Wi-Fi | Computer Networks - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

ESS is made up of 2 or more BSSs with APs. BSSs are connected to the distribution system via their APs. Distribution system can be any IEEE LAN such as Ethernet.
 
ESS has 2 kinds of stations:

1. Mobile – stations inside the BSS
2. Stationary – AP stations that are part of wired LAN.

Basics of Wi-Fi | Computer Networks - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

The topmost blue box represents the distribution system and the other 2 blue boxes represent the APs of 2 BSSs.

The document Basics of Wi-Fi | Computer Networks - Computer Science Engineering (CSE) is a part of the Computer Science Engineering (CSE) Course Computer Networks.
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FAQs on Basics of Wi-Fi - Computer Networks - Computer Science Engineering (CSE)

1. What is Wi-Fi?
Ans. Wi-Fi stands for Wireless Fidelity and it is a technology that allows electronic devices to connect to a wireless local area network (WLAN) using radio waves. It enables devices such as smartphones, laptops, and tablets to access the internet without the need for physical wired connections.
2. How does Wi-Fi work?
Ans. Wi-Fi works by using radio waves to transmit data between devices and a wireless router. The router acts as the central hub that connects all the devices within its range. When a device wants to connect to Wi-Fi, it sends a request to the router. The router then processes the request and grants access to the device, allowing it to transmit and receive data wirelessly.
3. What are the advantages of using Wi-Fi?
Ans. There are several advantages of using Wi-Fi: 1. Convenience: Wi-Fi eliminates the need for physical cables, allowing for easy mobility and flexibility in device placement. 2. Cost-effective: Setting up a Wi-Fi network is generally less expensive than installing wired connections, especially in large areas. 3. Multiple device connectivity: Wi-Fi allows multiple devices to connect to the network simultaneously, providing internet access to all connected devices. 4. Wide coverage: Wi-Fi signals can cover a large area, depending on the router's strength, allowing users to access the internet from different rooms or even outside the building. 5. Easy setup: Wi-Fi networks can be set up easily with Wi-Fi routers, requiring minimal technical knowledge.
4. Are there any security concerns with Wi-Fi?
Ans. Yes, there are some security concerns with Wi-Fi networks. Some common security risks include: 1. Unauthorized access: If a Wi-Fi network is not properly secured, anyone within its range can potentially connect to it, leading to unauthorized access to sensitive data. 2. Data interception: Wi-Fi signals can be intercepted by attackers, allowing them to capture and access sensitive information transmitted over the network. 3. Malware distribution: Wi-Fi networks can be used as a medium for distributing malware to connected devices. To mitigate these risks, it is important to secure Wi-Fi networks using encryption protocols such as WPA2 (Wi-Fi Protected Access II) and using strong, unique passwords. Regularly updating router firmware and using firewalls can also enhance network security.
5. Can Wi-Fi signals be affected by physical obstacles?
Ans. Yes, Wi-Fi signals can be affected by physical obstacles. The strength and quality of Wi-Fi signals can be weakened or blocked by objects such as walls, furniture, appliances, and even human bodies. The signal strength decreases as the distance from the router increases, and obstacles can further degrade the signal. To improve Wi-Fi signal strength and coverage, it is recommended to place the router in a central location, away from obstructions, and consider using Wi-Fi range extenders or mesh systems for larger areas.
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