Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) PDF Download

FLUID DYNAMICS

  • Reynolds equation  = Intertia force + gravity force + viscous force + turbulence force + pressure force  
  • Navier - Stoke's equation = Intertia gravity force  +  pressure force  +  viscous force 
  • Eulers equation (represents momentum equation in a 2-D, inviscid steady flow) Inertia force = gravity force  +  pressure force  
  • Bernoulli's equation (Conservation of Energy)
    Assumptions in Bernoullis equations:
    (i) fluid is ideal
    (ii) flow is steady
    (iii) flow is continous
    (iv) fluid is incompressible
    (v) flow is non-viscous
    (vi) flow is irrotational
    (vii) applicable along a stream line
    Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

where,

Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) 
= velocity head

Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

= pressure head

z = elevation of datum head

Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

=  piezometric head

Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

  • The line representing the sum of all 3 heads is known as total energy line or total head line. 
  • Line joining the points of piezometric heads is known as hydraulic grade line or piezometric line. 
  • Piezometric head remains constant normal to the stream lines in case of uniform diameter straight pipe. 
  • Flow in pipe bend, considered as irrotational flow. Piezometric head line for outer boundary is above than the inner boundary and pressure is also more at outer boundary 
  • HGL is always parallel and lower than TEL.

 

  • Energy gradient

Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

  • Hydraulic gradient

Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

  • Kinetic Energy correction factor 
    (i) For laminar flow in pipes, a = 2
    (ii) For fully develop turbulent flow in pipes, a = 1.33 Lower value is applicable for rough surface and high Reynolds number. 
  • Pressure at stagnation point where velocity of flow is zero is known as the stagnation pressure.

 Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

where p= static pressure and

 Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)
= dynamic pressure

  •  Flow through Pipe bend

 Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

P1A1 – P2A2 cos q +  
Fx = rQ (V2 cos q – V1)
Fy – P2A2 sin q = rQ (V2 sin q – 0)
Fx and Fy represents the reaction of bend on water. 

  • Torque exerted by the water on the pipe will be
    T = rQ1 V1 r1 - rQ2 V2 r2

Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

 V1 = tangential velocity component of absolute velocity at 1
V2 = tangential velocity component of absolute velocity at 2

 Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)
Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

The document Fluid Dynamics | Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical) is a part of the Mechanical Engineering Course Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical).
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FAQs on Fluid Dynamics - Mechanical Engineering SSC JE (Technical)

1. What is fluid dynamics in mechanical engineering?
Fluid dynamics is a branch of physics that studies the motion of fluids and the forces acting on them. In mechanical engineering, it focuses on the behavior of liquids and gases, analyzing their flow patterns, pressure distribution, and the forces exerted by fluids on solid objects.
2. How is fluid dynamics important in mechanical engineering?
Fluid dynamics is essential in mechanical engineering as it helps in designing and analyzing various systems and devices involving fluid flow. It plays a crucial role in areas such as aerodynamics, hydrodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid power systems. Understanding fluid behavior is vital for optimizing the performance and efficiency of pumps, turbines, pipes, and other fluid-based equipment.
3. What are some practical applications of fluid dynamics in mechanical engineering?
Fluid dynamics finds numerous applications in mechanical engineering. Some common examples include the design of aircraft wings and wind turbines to optimize lift and reduce drag, the analysis of water flow in hydraulic systems, the calculation of heat transfer rates in cooling systems, and the study of fluid behavior in combustion engines.
4. What are the main equations used in fluid dynamics?
Several fundamental equations are used in fluid dynamics, including the continuity equation, Euler's equation, Bernoulli's equation, and the Navier-Stokes equations. These equations describe the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in fluid flow and are used to solve various fluid dynamics problems.
5. Can you provide an example of how fluid dynamics is used in mechanical engineering?
Certainly! One example is the design of automobile engines. Fluid dynamics is used to optimize the intake and exhaust systems, fuel injection, and combustion processes. By analyzing the flow of air and fuel within the engine, engineers can improve efficiency, reduce emissions, and enhance overall performance.
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