UPSC Exam > UPSC Notes > Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy > Agriculture- Indian Geography, UPSC, IAS
Agriculture- Indian Geography, UPSC, IAS | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy PDF Download
Agriculture
Land-Use &
Agriculture in India
Land utilization
Land category | Percentage |
Area under forest | 22.6 |
Net sown area | 46.1 |
Land under non-agriculture use | 7.5 |
Barren & waste land | 6.4 |
Area under pastures | 3.6 |
Area under misc. trees & Groves | 1.2 |
Cultureable waste land (left for more than 5 yaers) | 4.5 |
Current Fallow | 4.8 |
Fallow other than current fallow | 3.3 |
Total | 100 |
Agriculture
- India is predominantly a society of agriculturist.
- around 52%of Indian population is engaged in agriculture
- It contributes 17% to total Indian GDP
- It provides food & raw material
CROPPING SEASON IN INDIA
- Kharif
- Rabi
- zaid
Kharif
- Crops are sown at the beginning of south west monsoon and harvested at the end of south west monsoon.
- Sowing season: may to july
- Harvesting season: september to october
- Important crops: jowar, Bajra, Rice, Maize, cotton,groundnut,jute,hemp,sugarcane, tobbaco
Rabi
- Need cool climate during the periiod of growth but warm climate during the germination & maturation
- Sowing season: october -december
- Harvesting season: february –april
- Imporatnt crops: Wheat, Barley, Gram, Mustard etc
- However this type of distinction in the cropping season does not exist in southern parts of the country
- Here the temperature is high enough to grow tropical crops during any period in the year provided the soil moisture is available
- Therefore, in this region same crop can be grown thrice a year
Important Crops of India
Crop | Climate | Major States in terms of production | Remarks |
Ragi | 20-30oc, 100 | , TN , AP,UP, Orissa, Maharastra | |
Gram | Mild cool,31-51 | Rajasthan , Great plains in UP, Haryana , MP, | Cultivated in unirrigated areas in plains |
Sugar cane | Tropical 100-150 cm | UP, , AP,Karnataka, Haryana | largest producer of sugarcane in the world |
Cotton | 20-35oC, 50-80 cm | Gujarat, Maharastra, Punjab, Haryana, , MP,Rajasthan | Area wise US and India Production wise US, , , |
Crop | Climate | Major States in terms of production | Remarks |
Jute | Requires large Quantity of water | West Bengal lead the production., | is 3rd in World Production |
Tobacco | Introduced by Portuguese in 1508 | AP, Gujarat, , UP, Orissa, WB,Rajasthan | |
Ground Nut | , AP, Maharastra, and Karanataka | has largest area but in prdn. tops | |
Tea | Below 10oC, 150-250 cm | , West , Kerala, Karnataka, HP, UP | , , Sri Lanka Largest producers |
Crop | States |
Rice | West Bengal Punjab Uttar Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu |
Wheat | Uttar Pradesh Punjab Haryana Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh |
Jowar | Maharashtra Karnatka Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu |
Groundnut | Gujarat Tamil Nadu Andhra Pradesh Karnatka Maharashtra |
Problems of Indian Agriculture
- Dependence on erratic Monsoon
- Low productivity
- Lack of financial resources and indebtedness
- Lack of Land reforms
- Small farm size & fragmentation of land holdings
- Lack of commercialization
- Vast under employment
- Degradation of cultivable land
The document Agriculture- Indian Geography, UPSC, IAS | Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy is a part of the UPSC Course Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy.
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FAQs on Agriculture- Indian Geography, UPSC, IAS - Geography (Prelims) by Valor Academy
| 1. What is the significance of agriculture in Indian geography? |  |
Ans. Agriculture holds great importance in Indian geography as it is the backbone of the Indian economy. India is predominantly an agricultural country, with a vast majority of its population engaged in farming activities. Agriculture not only contributes to the country's GDP but also provides employment to a significant portion of the workforce. It plays a crucial role in ensuring food security, rural development, and poverty alleviation in India.
| 2. How does agriculture relate to the UPSC and IAS exams? | |
Ans. Agriculture is an important topic in the UPSC and IAS exams as it falls under the subject of Indian Geography. Aspirants are expected to have a thorough understanding of the agricultural practices, cropping patterns, agricultural regions, and various government schemes related to agriculture in India. Questions related to agriculture are frequently asked in both the prelims and mains stages of the UPSC and IAS exams.
| 3. What are the major challenges faced by Indian agriculture? | |
Ans. Indian agriculture faces several challenges, including:
1. Fragmented Landholdings: The majority of Indian farmers own small and fragmented landholdings, making it difficult to adopt modern farming techniques and achieve economies of scale.
2. Dependence on Monsoons: Indian agriculture heavily relies on the monsoon season, leading to uncertainties in crop production due to irregular rainfall patterns and droughts.
3. Lack of Irrigation Facilities: Despite various irrigation projects, a significant portion of agricultural land in India still lacks proper irrigation facilities, resulting in low productivity.
4. Post-Harvest Losses: Inadequate storage and transportation infrastructure lead to post-harvest losses, reducing the income of farmers.
5. Lack of Technology Adoption: Limited access to modern agricultural technologies, machinery, and know-how hampers the productivity and efficiency of Indian agriculture.
| 4. How does the UPSC and IAS exams test candidates' knowledge of Indian agriculture? | |
Ans. The UPSC and IAS exams assess candidates' knowledge of Indian agriculture through various means, including:
1. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs): Candidates are asked to identify and select the correct options related to agricultural practices, crops, agricultural regions, and government schemes.
2. Essay Questions: Candidates may be required to write comprehensive essays on topics such as challenges faced by Indian agriculture, role of agriculture in rural development, or the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity.
3. Case Studies: Candidates may be presented with real-life scenarios related to agriculture and asked to analyze the problems, suggest solutions, and evaluate the impact of government policies.
4. Current Affairs: Candidates are expected to stay updated with recent developments in the field of agriculture, including government initiatives, agricultural reforms, and technological advancements.
| 5. What are the government schemes and initiatives aimed at supporting Indian agriculture? | |
Ans. The Indian government has implemented several schemes and initiatives to support and promote Indian agriculture. Some of the major ones include:
1. Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN): It provides direct income support to small and marginal farmers by transferring Rs 6,000 per year directly into their bank accounts.
2. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY): It aims to provide affordable crop insurance coverage to farmers against crop loss due to natural calamities, pests, and diseases.
3. National Agriculture Market (e-NAM): It is an online platform that facilitates farmers to sell their produce at competitive prices by eliminating intermediaries and creating a unified national market.
4. Soil Health Card Scheme: It provides farmers with personalized soil health cards that contain information about the nutrient status of their soil and recommendations for appropriate fertilizer use.
5. Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY): It promotes organic farming practices and provides financial support to farmers for adopting organic farming methods.
These schemes and initiatives aim to improve the income and livelihoods of farmers, enhance agricultural productivity, and ensure sustainable agricultural practices in India.
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