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Parliamentary Government
PARLIAMENTARY GOVERNEMNT
- Indian constitution provides for a parliamentary form of government both at the centre and at the states
- Art 74, 75 & 163 ,164 deals with the parliamentary form of govt at the centre and at the state respectively
- There are two types of govt systems:
- Parliamentary- in which executive is responsible to the legislature for its policies and acts
- Presidential- in which executive is independent of the legislature for its policies and acts
Features of Parliamentary govt | Features of the Presidential govt |
| President is head of the state & Govt |
| President rules with the help of his secretaries |
| President not responsible to Legislature |
| President cannot dissolve the Lower House |
| The executive, legislative & judicial powers are separated |
Features of Parliamentary govt | Features of the Presidential govt |
| President is head of the state & Govt |
| President rules with the help of his secretaries |
| President not responsible to Legislature |
| President cannot dissolve the Lower House |
| The executive, legislative & judicial powers are separated |
Demerits of the Parliamentary system |
Unstable government: it does not provide a stable govt . The ministers depend on the mercy of the majority legislators for their continuity and survival. |
Against separation of powers: As the executive and legislature are together and inseparable the whole system goes against the theory of separation of powers. |
Government by amateurs: the PM has a limited choice in the selection of ministers which is restricted to MPs alone and does not extend to external talent. |
No continuity of policies: it is not conducive for the formulation and implementation of the long term policies. A change in ruling party is generally followed by a change in govt policies. |
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FAQs on Parliamentary Government - Polity and Constitution, UPSC, IAS. - Polity and Constitution (Prelims) by IAS Masters
| 1. What is parliamentary government? |  |
Ans. Parliamentary government is a system of government where the executive branch (government) derives its democratic legitimacy from the legislature (parliament). In this system, the head of government is usually the leader of the majority party or coalition in the parliament, and the head of state is often a ceremonial figurehead. The government is accountable to the parliament and can be removed through a vote of no confidence.
| 2. How does parliamentary government differ from presidential government? | |
Ans. Parliamentary government differs from presidential government in several ways. In a parliamentary system, the executive branch is accountable to the legislature, whereas in a presidential system, the executive branch is separate and independent from the legislature. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is usually the leader of the majority party in the parliament, while in a presidential system, the head of government is directly elected by the people. Additionally, parliamentary systems often allow for easier removal of the executive through a vote of no confidence, whereas presidential systems usually have fixed terms for the executive.
| 3. What are the advantages of parliamentary government? | |
Ans. There are several advantages of parliamentary government. Firstly, it allows for greater accountability as the executive is directly responsible to the legislature. This ensures that the government is answerable to the people's representatives. Secondly, parliamentary systems often provide for more stable governments as they can easily replace an ineffective or unpopular government through a vote of no confidence. Additionally, parliamentary systems often promote consensus-building and compromise among different political parties, leading to more inclusive decision-making.
| 4. What are the disadvantages of parliamentary government? | |
Ans. Despite its advantages, parliamentary government also has some disadvantages. One major disadvantage is the potential for instability if there are frequent changes in government due to votes of no confidence. This can lead to uncertainty and hinder long-term planning. Another disadvantage is the concentration of power in the hands of the majority party or coalition, which can limit the representation of minority voices and viewpoints. Additionally, the close relationship between the executive and the legislature can sometimes lead to a lack of checks and balances.
| 5. Which countries have a parliamentary form of government? | |
Ans. Many countries around the world have a parliamentary form of government. Some examples include the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Germany, India, Japan, and New Zealand. However, it is important to note that the specific structure and functioning of parliamentary systems can vary between countries, as they are influenced by historical, cultural, and constitutional factors.
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