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Chapter 5 Fluid Dynamics
- Reynolds equation = Intertia force + gravity force + viscous force + turbulence force + pressure force
- Navier - Stoke's equation = Intertia gravity force + pressure force + viscous force
- Eulers equation (represents momentum equation in a 2-D, inviscid steady flow) Inertia force = gravity force + pressure force
- Bernoulli's equation (Conservation of Energy) Assumptions in Bernoullis equations:
(i) fluid is ideal
(ii) flow is steady
(iii) flow is continous
(iv) fluid is incompressible
(v) flow is non-viscous
(vi) flow is irrotational
(vii) applicable along a stream line Z cons tant pg P
where,
= velocity head
p/rg = pressure head
z = elevation of datum head
= piezometric head
- The line representing the sum of all 3 heads is known as total energy line or total head line.
- Line joining the points of piezometric heads is known as hydraulic grade line or piezometric line.
- Piezometric head remains constant normal to the stream lines in case of uniform diameter straight pipe.
- Flow in pipe bend, considered as irrotational flow. Piezometric head line for outer boundary is above than the inner boundary and pressure is also more at outer boundary
- HGL is always parallel and lower than TEL.
- Energy gradient
- Hydraulic gradient
- Kinetic Energy correction factor (i) For laminar flow in pipes, a = 2 (ii) For f ully devel op turbulent f low in pipes, a = 1.33 Lower value is applicable for rough surface and high Reynolds number.
- Pressure at stagnation point where velocity of flow is zero is known as the stagnation pressure.
where po = static pressure and
= dynamic pressure
- Flow through Pipe bend
Fx and Fy represents the reaction of bend on water.
Torque exerted by the water on the pipe will be
V1 = tangential velocity component of absolute velocity at 1
V2 = tangential velocity component of absolute velocity at 2
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FAQs on Fluid Dynamics - Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
| 1. What is fluid dynamics in civil engineering? |  |
Ans. Fluid dynamics in civil engineering is a branch of science that deals with the behavior of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion and their interaction with structures. It focuses on understanding how fluids flow, their forces and pressures, and their impact on the design and construction of civil engineering projects such as pipelines, dams, channels, and bridges.
| 2. How is fluid dynamics important in civil engineering? | |
Ans. Fluid dynamics is crucial in civil engineering as it helps engineers analyze and predict the behavior of fluids in various structures. By studying fluid flow patterns, engineers can design hydraulic systems that efficiently transport water, sewage, or other fluids. It also helps in determining the stability and safety of structures exposed to fluid forces, such as bridges or offshore platforms, ensuring their resilience and durability.
| 3. What are the key principles of fluid dynamics in civil engineering? | |
Ans. The key principles of fluid dynamics in civil engineering include conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, and conservation of energy. These principles govern the behavior of fluids in motion, allowing engineers to analyze fluid flow, predict pressures and forces, and design hydraulic systems that meet specific requirements.
| 4. How is fluid dynamics used in the design of water supply systems? | |
Ans. Fluid dynamics plays a crucial role in the design of water supply systems. By studying fluid flow patterns, engineers can determine pipe sizes, pressure requirements, and ensure efficient water distribution. They use principles of fluid dynamics to analyze pumping systems, calculate head losses, and design networks that deliver water to various locations while minimizing energy consumption and maintaining adequate pressure levels.
| 5. Can fluid dynamics help in mitigating flood risks in civil engineering? | |
Ans. Yes, fluid dynamics can contribute to mitigating flood risks in civil engineering. By studying the behavior of water during flooding events, engineers can simulate and predict flood patterns, analyze the impact on surrounding areas, and design flood management systems such as dams, levees, and drainage networks. Fluid dynamics models can also help in evaluating the effectiveness of flood control measures and optimizing their design to protect vulnerable regions from potential damages caused by flooding.
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