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Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE) PDF Download

Chapter 6

 SLUDGE DISPOSAL, EFFLUENT DISCHARGE STANDARD

 Sludge and its moisture content: The moisture content of sludge is defined as volume of water present in sludge to the volume of sludge.
Actually instead of volume we should use mass but the density of sludge is approximately 1gm/cc so we used volume.
Let volume of solids is 1. Initially moisture content is  p1 % and it reduced to p2 . Let volume of water at initial stage is x and it reduced to y

 Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
100x = P1 + P1x   100 y = P2 + P2y
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
x[100 - p1]= P1
y[100 - p2]= p2
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE) and  Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

Dilution and dispersion: Cs = Sweage concentration

 Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

CR = River concentration
QS = Sewage discharge
QR = river discharge
C = Combined concentration

 Zones of pollution in a river stream :
1. Zone od degradation
2. Zone of active decomposition
3. Zone of recovery
4. Zone of clear water

 Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

Oxygen deficit: The oxygen deficit 'D' at any time in a polluted river stream is te difference between the actual DO content of water at that time and saturation DO content at the water temperature.
Oxygen deficit D = Saturation DO - Actual DO

 DO Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
                                                 time

Streeter-Phelps equation:

 Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

Integration factor
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE) 

Separating variables and integrate

 Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

At t = 0, D = D0
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE) 

Critical time: the time at which critical deficit.

 Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

At critical time

 Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

Putting tvalue we get
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)
Where
Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

The document Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard | Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE) is a part of the Civil Engineering (CE) Course Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical).
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FAQs on Sludge Disposal Effluent Discharge Standard - Civil Engineering SSC JE (Technical) - Civil Engineering (CE)

1. What are the effluent discharge standards for sludge disposal in civil engineering?
Ans. The effluent discharge standards for sludge disposal in civil engineering refer to the regulations and limits set by authorities for the release of wastewater from sludge disposal processes. These standards ensure that the discharged effluent meets certain quality criteria to minimize environmental pollution and protect public health.
2. What factors are considered in determining the effluent discharge standards for sludge disposal?
Ans. The effluent discharge standards for sludge disposal are determined by considering various factors, including the type and characteristics of the sludge, the treatment processes involved, the potential impact on the receiving water bodies, and the applicable environmental regulations. These factors help in establishing appropriate limits for parameters such as suspended solids, organic matter, heavy metals, and pathogens in the effluent.
3. How are the effluent discharge standards monitored and enforced in civil engineering projects?
Ans. The monitoring and enforcement of effluent discharge standards in civil engineering projects involve regular sampling and analysis of the discharged effluent. Regulatory authorities or designated agencies carry out inspections and audits to ensure compliance with the set standards. Non-compliance may result in penalties, fines, or even project shutdowns. It is essential for project owners and operators to implement proper monitoring systems and maintain records to demonstrate compliance.
4. Are there any international guidelines or standards for sludge disposal effluent discharge in civil engineering?
Ans. Yes, there are international guidelines and standards for sludge disposal effluent discharge in civil engineering. Organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provide guidance on best practices and recommended limits for various parameters in sludge disposal effluent. These guidelines serve as a reference for countries and regions in developing their own standards.
5. What are the potential environmental impacts of inadequate sludge disposal effluent discharge in civil engineering?
Ans. Inadequate sludge disposal effluent discharge in civil engineering can have significant environmental impacts. The discharge of untreated or poorly treated effluent can lead to contamination of water bodies, soil, and groundwater. This contamination can harm aquatic life, degrade ecosystems, and pose risks to human health if the contaminated water is used for drinking, irrigation, or recreational purposes. Proper adherence to effluent discharge standards is crucial to mitigate these potential environmental impacts.
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