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Glossary and Important Information

1. Democracy: A form of government which is chosen by the people to work for their welfare and can be voted out by them.
2. Dictatorship: It is form of government in which a person or group of persons possess absolute power without effective constitutional limitations.
3. Solidarity: A trade union movement founded by Lech Walesa which helped to end communist rule in Poland.
4. Decolonisation: The process of transfer of power from the colonial powers to independent nations governments in Asia and Africa.
5. United Nations Organisation: An organisation founded in 1945 that includes most countries in the world and serves as a international forum to settle international disputes.Fig. United Nations
Fig. United Nations

6. Veto: The special right to override the decision of the Security Council enjoyed by the five permanent members of the Security Council of United Nations.
7. Constitutional Monarchy: A government headed by a king or queen whose powers are limited by a constitution.
8. Revolution: The term means a recognised momentous change in the situation. A revolution can result in the sudden overthrow of an established government or system by force and bloodshot e.g., the French Revolution.
9. Glorious Revolution: In 1688 William III of Orange, the son-in-law of James II and ruler of Holland, became King of England without any bloodshed. The unpopularity of James II prompted a group of politicians to invite William III to England. Ultimately due to evens following this revolution, England more or less became a constitutional monarchy.
10. World Trade Organisation: It was set up in 1995 by members of the United Nations to promote trade between countries.
11. Trade Union: An association of workers for the purpose of maintaining or improving their working conditions.
12. Strike: Mass refusal by workers or employees to perform work due to certain grievances or because demands are not being met.
13. Referendum: A direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to accept or reject a particular proposal. This is also called as Plebiscite.
14. Political Prisoners: Persons imprisoned or detained or kept under house arrest, because the government considers their ideas and activities a threat to its authority.
15. Coup: The sudden overthrow of a government which may or may not be violent in nature.
16. Coalition: An alliance of people, associations parties or nations which may be temporary or a matter of convenience.
17. Censorship: A condition under which the freedom of expression is taken away. Anything that the government finds objectionable cannot be published.

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FAQs on Glossary and Important Information - Democracy in The Contemporary World - Civics for Class 9

1. What is democracy?
Democracy is a form of government where the power lies with the people. It allows citizens to participate in decision-making through voting, and it ensures that the government is accountable to the people. In a democracy, individuals have the right to express their opinions and enjoy certain fundamental rights and freedoms.
2. How does democracy work in the contemporary world?
In the contemporary world, democracy works through various mechanisms. Elections are held at regular intervals to choose representatives who will govern on behalf of the people. These representatives are accountable to the voters and can be removed from power if they fail to fulfill their duties. Additionally, democratic societies often have a system of checks and balances to prevent the concentration of power and protect individual rights.
3. What are the advantages of democracy?
Democracy offers several advantages. Firstly, it allows citizens to have a say in the decision-making process, ensuring that their needs and aspirations are taken into account. It promotes equality and protects individual rights and freedoms. Democracy also promotes stability and peaceful transitions of power, as governments change through elections rather than through violence or force. Lastly, it encourages transparency and accountability, as elected representatives are answerable to the people.
4. What are the challenges faced by democracy in the contemporary world?
Democracy faces several challenges in the contemporary world. One challenge is the rise of populist leaders who exploit people's fears and prejudices for their own gain, undermining democratic values. Another challenge is the influence of money in politics, which can lead to corruption and unequal representation. Additionally, the spread of misinformation and the manipulation of social media can undermine the integrity of democratic processes. Finally, democratic systems also face the challenge of ensuring inclusivity and representation of all citizens, including marginalized groups.
5. How can individuals actively participate in democracy?
Individuals can actively participate in democracy in various ways. Firstly, they can exercise their right to vote in elections and choose representatives who align with their values and priorities. Additionally, individuals can engage in peaceful protests, demonstrations, or join civil society organizations to advocate for their rights and bring about social change. It is also important for individuals to stay informed about political issues and engage in constructive dialogue with others to promote democratic values and principles.
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