Table of contents |
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Introduction |
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What is Excretion ? |
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Importance of Excretion |
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Nitrogenous Wastes |
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Modes of Excretion In Animals |
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1. Ammonotelism |
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2. Ureotelism |
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3. Uricotelism |
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Excretory Organs in Animals |
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Animals produce various waste substances such as ammonia, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water, and ions like sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl–), phosphate, and sulfate either through metabolic processes or due to excess intake. These substances need to be eliminated from the body either totally or partially. This chapter focuses on the mechanisms of eliminating these substances, with special attention to nitrogenous wastes.
Excretion is the natural process by which the body removes waste products that are produced during metabolism. These waste products consist of substances such as amino acids, urea, uric acid, carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia.
Ammonia, urea, and uric acid are the primary forms of nitrogenous wastes excreted by animals.
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Elimination: Nitrogenous Wastes
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A survey of the animal kingdom reveals a variety of excretory structures. In most invertebrates, these structures are simple tubular forms, while vertebrates have complex tubular organs called kidneys.
Some of the excretory structures in animals are as follows:
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1. What is excretion and why is it important for living organisms? | ![]() |
2. What are the different types of nitrogenous wastes produced by animals? | ![]() |
3. What are the modes of excretion in animals and how do they differ? | ![]() |
4. What are the main excretory organs in animals? | ![]() |
5. How do different animals adapt their excretory processes to their environments? | ![]() |