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Blood Pressure

Blood Pressure : Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the flowing blood on the elastic walls of arteries. Blood flows in closed vessels so it exerts a pressure on the walls of these vessels. As soon as the blood is pumped into the arteries it exerts a pressure on the artery wall .This pressure is known as blood-pressure.

Blood-pressure is measured in two stages.

(1) Systolic Pressure:- It is the higher limit of blood pressure that shows the state of heart (systole) contraction for man this limit is 120 mm Hg (normal)

(2) Diastolic pressure:- It is the lower limit of B.P. that shows the state of heart relaxation (expansion = Diastole) for man this limit is 80 mm Hg (normal)

  •  The instrument by which we can measure B.P. is called sphygmomanometer.
    SphygmomanometerSphygmomanometer

  •  In man B.P. is measured in the brachial artery of arm. [- Normal B.P. of a healthy person is 120/80 mm Hg.

  • Hales measured B.P. in horse first of all.


Factors Affecting Blood-Pressure:- B.P. may be affected by following factors.

(1) Exercise:- At the time of physical labour. B.P. is increased.

(2) Emotions and Excitement:- In the state of excitement or emotions B.P. is increased in man. At the time of Adrenal secretion at the time of fear and in some hereditary conditions B.P. is increased.

(3) Contraction of Blood Vessels:- B.P. is increased when contraction takes place in arteries and blood capillaries.

(4) Body posture:- In a laying (relaxing) person B.P. is low as compared to a standing man

(5) Sex:- In women, B.P. is slightly low as compared to men.

(6) Obesity:- In obese persons B.P. is increased.

(7) Age : B.P. increases as the age advances due to increase in vasomotor tone.

Pulse – The pulse is felt in the radial artery present in the wrist of a man. It is also felt in the artery of neck region. The graph of pulse of an artery is marked by an instrument that is called sphygmograph. Pulse pressure is the Pressure difference which generates a pulse. This is  systolic minus diastolic B.P.

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FAQs on Blood Pressure - Additional Study Material for NEET

1. What is blood pressure?
Ans. Blood pressure refers to the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels. It is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is expressed as two values: systolic pressure over diastolic pressure. The systolic pressure represents the force when the heart contracts, while the diastolic pressure represents the force when the heart is at rest between beats.
2. What are the factors that influence blood pressure?
Ans. Several factors can influence blood pressure. These include age, gender, family history, physical activity level, body weight, diet, stress levels, smoking, alcohol consumption, and certain medical conditions such as diabetes, kidney disease, and high cholesterol. Understanding these factors can help individuals make lifestyle changes to manage their blood pressure effectively.
3. How is high blood pressure diagnosed?
Ans. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is typically diagnosed through a blood pressure measurement. A healthcare professional will use a blood pressure cuff and a stethoscope or an automated device to measure the systolic and diastolic pressures. If the readings consistently show a systolic pressure of 130 mmHg or higher, or a diastolic pressure of 80 mmHg or higher, it may indicate high blood pressure. Further tests may be conducted to determine the underlying cause and assess potential complications.
4. What are the potential complications of high blood pressure?
Ans. High blood pressure can lead to several complications if left uncontrolled. These include an increased risk of heart disease, heart attack, stroke, kidney damage, vision loss, and peripheral artery disease. It is important to manage high blood pressure through lifestyle changes and, if necessary, medication to reduce the risk of these complications.
5. How can blood pressure be managed and controlled?
Ans. Blood pressure can be managed and controlled through various lifestyle changes and, if needed, medication. Lifestyle modifications include maintaining a healthy weight, adopting a balanced diet low in sodium and high in fruits and vegetables, engaging in regular physical activity, limiting alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, reducing stress levels, and managing any underlying medical conditions. In some cases, medication may be prescribed by a healthcare professional to help lower and control blood pressure levels. It is important to consult with a healthcare provider to develop an individualized plan for blood pressure management.
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