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SOUND POLLUTION / NOISE POLLUTION
Increase in the noise in the atmosphere is called noise pollution or sound pollution. Noise is a loud and unwanted or unpleasant sound. The common things which are responsible for noise pollution are - industries and mills, means of transportation, television, stereo, loud speakers and jet plane etc.
Intensity : The intensity of sound is measured in bel or decibel [1 bel = 10 decibel]. A man can hear at 0-decibel. Normally at 25 decibel, the atmosphere may be peaceful. Above 80 decibel intensity of sound is called noise pollution.
Effect : It causes drowsiness, irritation, weakness and 130-140 decibel causes heart pain. Noise pollution reduces the capacity of hearing and results in headache. Sudden excitation in skin, constriction of gastric muscles starts above the 90 decibel. It also produces excitation in habit of man and anger. Noise pollution causes ulcers, heart disease, high blood pressure, higher secretion of adrenal hormones etc. Excluding these, high intensity of sound can also break down the walls of the houses and burning of rubber.
Control :
Noise pollution can be controlled by the use of such type of apparatus which can decrease the intensity of sound at place of origin. Sound absorber must be used to minimise the sound. Excluding this growing of more plants can also minimise the noise pollution.
Green muflur scheme. Tree such as neem and ashoka absorb sound to a great extent, along road side.
| Day Time | Night Time | |
| Industrial | 75 dB | 70 dB |
| Commercial | 65 dB | 55 dB |
| Residential | 55 dB | 45 dB |
| Silence zone | 50 dB | 40 dB |
| Very Quiet | 20 – 30 dB | Sound quiet place is – 20 dB, Motion Picture studio, Broadcasting studio |
| Silence/Quiet | 30/35 – 50 dB | Hospitals (30 – 35), Schools (45 – 50), Libraries (45 – 50), Offices (40 – 50) |
| Normal voice | 55 dB | |
| Conversational speech | 60 dB | |
| Moderately Loud | 70 dB - 90 dB | Factories (60 – 65 dB) Average traffic – 70 dB Heavy city traffic – 90 dB |
| Uncomfortable | above 100 dB | Air craft (120 dB) |
| Painful | above 130 dB | Rocket (180 dB) Jet plane (150 dB) |
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FAQs on Noise Pollution - Biology for JAMB
| 1. What is noise pollution? |  |
Ans. Noise pollution refers to the excessive and unwanted sounds that disrupt the natural balance of the environment. It is usually caused by various sources such as traffic, construction, industrial activities, and loud music.
| 2. How does noise pollution affect human health? | |
Ans. Noise pollution can have negative effects on human health, including hearing loss, increased stress levels, elevated blood pressure, cardiovascular problems, and sleep disturbances. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise can also lead to cognitive impairments and reduced productivity.
| 3. What are the major sources of noise pollution? | |
Ans. The major sources of noise pollution include transportation activities such as road traffic, airplanes, and trains, industrial activities, construction sites, loud music, and recreational activities like concerts and sporting events.
| 4. How can noise pollution be reduced? | |
Ans. There are several measures that can help in reducing noise pollution. These include implementing noise control regulations and standards, using noise barriers and soundproofing materials in buildings, promoting the use of quieter technologies and vehicles, and creating green spaces and buffer zones to absorb sound.
| 5. What are the legal regulations regarding noise pollution? | |
Ans. Different countries have their own legal regulations regarding noise pollution. These regulations typically set limits on acceptable noise levels for different types of areas such as residential, commercial, and industrial zones. Violations of noise regulations can lead to fines and penalties, and authorities may conduct noise surveys and inspections to ensure compliance.
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