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POLYGENIC INHERITANCE
Inheritance of characters in which one character is controlled by many genes and intensity of character depends upon the number of dominant allele.
Polygenic inheritance first described byNilsson - Ehlein kernal colour of wheat.
Nilsson - Ehle said that kernal colour of wheat is regulated by two pairs of gene.
RR BB × rrbb Red White
Example-2. :- Colour of the skin in Human.
The inheritance of colour of skin in human studied by Devenport.
Five types of phenotype of colour of skin are found in human.
When a Negro (AA BB) phenotype crossed with white (aa bb) phenotype, intermediate phenotype produced in F1 generation . Phenotypes of F2 generation as follows.
Phenotypic ratioof F2 generation of quantitative inheritance as
- In new discovery human skin colour and kernal colour in wheat is regulated by 3 pairs of alleles so phenotypic ration of F2 generation.
FAQs on Polygenic Inheritance - Principles of Inheritance and Evolution, Biology, Class 12
| 1. What is polygenic inheritance? |  |
Polygenic inheritance is a type of inheritance pattern where a trait is controlled by multiple genes, rather than just one gene. These genes often interact with each other and with the environment to determine the phenotype of the trait. Each gene contributes a small effect to the overall phenotype, resulting in a continuous variation of the trait in a population.
| 2. How does polygenic inheritance differ from Mendelian inheritance? | |
Polygenic inheritance differs from Mendelian inheritance in several ways. In Mendelian inheritance, traits are controlled by a single gene, and the inheritance pattern follows predictable ratios, such as the 3:1 ratio for a monohybrid cross. In contrast, polygenic inheritance involves multiple genes and does not follow these predictable ratios. Additionally, Mendelian inheritance often results in distinct phenotypes, while polygenic inheritance produces a continuous range of phenotypic variation.
| 3. What are some examples of traits controlled by polygenic inheritance? | |
There are numerous examples of traits controlled by polygenic inheritance. Some common examples include height, skin color, eye color, intelligence, and susceptibility to diseases like diabetes and heart disease. These traits exhibit a wide range of phenotypic variation in a population due to the combined effects of multiple genes.
| 4. How does the environment influence polygenic traits? | |
The environment plays a crucial role in the expression of polygenic traits. While genes contribute to the potential range of variation, environmental factors can influence how these genes are expressed. For example, height is influenced by both genetic factors and nutrition during childhood. Similarly, skin color can be affected by exposure to sunlight. The interplay between genes and the environment is what ultimately determines the phenotype of a polygenic trait.
| 5. Can polygenic traits be predicted or controlled? | |
Predicting and controlling polygenic traits can be challenging due to the complex nature of their inheritance. Since multiple genes and environmental factors contribute to the expression of these traits, it is difficult to accurately predict their outcome. However, advances in genetic research and technologies like genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided insights into the genes involved in polygenic traits. While complete control over polygenic traits is currently not possible, understanding their genetic basis can help in making informed decisions and interventions related to these traits.
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