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Carnot’s Cycle
Carnot devised an ideal cycle of operation for a heat engine, called Carnot’s cycle.
Therefore, efficiency of the cycle is
A Carnot’s cycle contains the following four processes
(i) Isothermal expansion (AB)
(ii) Adiabatic expansion (BO)
(iii) Isothermal compression (CD)
(iv) Adiabatic compression (DA)
The net work done per cycle by the engine is numerically equal to the area of the loop representing the Carnot’s cycle .
After doing the calculations for different processes we can show that
[Efficiency of Carnot engine is maximum (not 1000/0) for given temperatures T1 and T2. But still Carnot engine is not a practical engine because many ideal situations have been assumed while designing this engine which can practically not be obtained.]
Refrigerator or Heat Pump
A refrigerator or heat pump is a device used for cooling things. It absorb heat from sink at lower temperature and reject a larger amount of heat to source at higher temperature.
Coefficient of performance of refrigerator is given by
where Q2 is heat absorbed from the sink, Q1 is heat rejected to source and T1 and T2 are temperatures of source and sink.
Relation between efficiency (η) and coefficient of performance (β)
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FAQs on Carnot Cycle, Refrigerator & Heat Pump - Physics Class 11 - NEET
| 1. What is Carnot's Cycle and how does it work? |  |
Ans. Carnot's Cycle is a theoretical thermodynamic cycle that describes the most efficient way to convert heat into work. It consists of four reversible processes: isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression. The cycle works by taking in heat at a high temperature, performing work, and rejecting heat at a lower temperature.
| 2. What is the purpose of a refrigerator in the context of Carnot's Cycle? | |
Ans. In the context of Carnot's Cycle, a refrigerator is used to reverse the natural flow of heat and cool down a space. It operates by extracting heat from a low-temperature reservoir and transferring it to a high-temperature reservoir, using the work input. This allows the refrigerator to maintain a lower temperature inside, effectively cooling the contents.
| 3. How does a heat pump differ from a refrigerator in Carnot's Cycle? | |
Ans. In Carnot's Cycle, a heat pump is similar to a refrigerator but with a different purpose. While a refrigerator is used to cool a space, a heat pump is designed to heat a space. It works by extracting heat from a low-temperature reservoir and transferring it to a high-temperature reservoir, using the work input. This allows the heat pump to maintain a higher temperature inside, effectively heating the contents.
| 4. What are the advantages of using Carnot's Cycle for refrigeration and heat pumps? | |
Ans. The advantages of using Carnot's Cycle for refrigeration and heat pumps include its theoretical maximum efficiency. Carnot's Cycle describes the most efficient way to convert heat into work, providing a benchmark for the maximum achievable efficiency. By following Carnot's principles, refrigeration and heat pump systems can be designed to maximize their energy efficiency and minimize waste.
| 5. Can Carnot's Cycle be practically implemented in real-world refrigeration and heat pump systems? | |
Ans. While Carnot's Cycle provides a theoretical framework, it is difficult to practically implement in real-world systems. Carnot's Cycle assumes ideal conditions, such as perfectly reversible processes, which are not achievable in practice. Real-world refrigeration and heat pump systems have various inefficiencies, such as heat losses and friction, which reduce their overall efficiency compared to the theoretical maximum described by Carnot's Cycle. However, Carnot's principles still serve as a valuable guideline for designing efficient systems.
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