31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: The Living World- 2 - NEET MCQ

• The concentration of greenhouse gases, notably methane and carbon dioxide, has been observed to change naturally throughout geological time scales.
• Furthermore, human activities such as the use of fossil fuels, gasoline-powered vehicles, and forest removal have all contributed to changes in the concentration of gases in the atmosphere.
• Various industrial effluents have raised the quantity of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, which then interacts with other air pollutants.
• This traps solar energy and elevates the surface temperature of the Earth.
• This is also known as global warming.
• As a result, in the absence of carbon dioxide, global warming slows and the earth's temperature falls.

If there was no CO₂ in the earth's atmosphere, the temperature of the earth's surface would be less than the present.

Species living in different geographical areas are referred to as allopatric species. It is a mode of speciation that occurs when the biological population of the same species become isolated from each other to an extent that prevents or interferes with gene flow. So, the correct answer is " Allopatric species".

Monera  is the kingdom of all prokaryotes and includes bacteria, blue green algae (cyanobacteria) and archae-bacteria- a group of  ancient bacteria kingdom. Protista includes slime unicellular and colonial eukaryotes. The important members are diatoms, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, moulds and protozoans. Fungi the kingdom of multicellular or multinucleate heterophyllous and spore producing eukaryotic organisms like Rhizopus mildews, mushroom etc. Kingdom plantae includes all coloured multicellular photosynthetic organisms (plants).          

The high boiling point of water is advantageous to living organisms because organisms can absorb a great deal of heat before they reach the boiling point from organisms and population. Thus the organisms will not be affected by the high temperature because water can absorb the heat and maintain its homogeneity by uniformly dissipating it.

So the correct option is 'Organisms can absorb a great deal of heat before they reach the boiling point from organisms and population

It is none other than Takhtajan who clearly stated the fact that "taxonomy without phylogeny is similar to bones without flesh". It is all about the importance of phylogeny in the overall process of taxonomy. Just like living beings are incomplete without bones and flesh, similarly without phylogeny it is difficult to carry out with taxonomy.

Scientists name animals and plants using the system that describes the genus and species of the organism. The first word is the genus and the second is the species. The first word is capitalized and the second is not. A binomial name means that it's made up of two words (bi-nomial).

Line in NCERT: "Each name has two components the Generic name and the specific epithet. This system of providing a name with two components is called Binomial nomenclature."

The first phylogenetic system of classification was proposed by Adolf Engler and his associate Karl Prantl in their monograph “Die Naturlichen Pflanzen Familien”. In this system of classification organisms are classified on the basis of evolutionary sequence and genetic relationship among the organisms. Hence, this system is highly dynamic not static. Fossil records play vital role in elucidation of evolutionary relationships. This system has led to new systematics.

Species is the basic unit of classification. It is defined as a group of natural populations whose members can interbreed among themselves and are reproductively isolated from other such groups. May (1964) defined species as “a group of actually or potentially interbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups”.

Line in NCERT: "Taxonomic studies consider a group of individual organisms with fundamental similarities as a species."

The adoption by biologists of a system of strictly binomial nomenclature is due to Swedish botanist and physician Carl von Linne, more commonly known by his Latinized name Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).

Line in NCERT: "This naming system given by Carolus Linnaeus is being practised by biologists all over the world."

Carl linnaeus was the swedish naturalist and explorer who was the first to frame principles for defining natural genera and spaces of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them it's known as (Binomial Nomenclature).

Line in NCERT: "This naming system given by Carolus Linnaeus is being practised by biologists all over the world."

 Binomial Nomenclature means the scientific name of any organism consist of a generic epithet and a specific epithet. Generic name starts with capital letter and specific name with small letter. Both the names are written in Italics. Or underlined in manuscripts.

Line in NCERT: "This system of providing a name with two components is called Binomial nomenclature."

With the discovery of more and more organisms, sometimes, it becomes difficult to adjust an organism to the traditional categories. Therefore to make taxonomic position of a species more precise, the various obligate categories in hierarchical classification are explained below Division —→ Class —→ Order —→ Family —→ Genus —→ Species

Line in NCERT: "The taxonomic categories from species to kingdom have been shown in ascending order starting with species in Figure 1.1."

The term Phylum was given by Theophrastus. It is the primary division of the kingdom. It includes one or more related classes of animals. In plants, instead of phylum, the term ‘division’ is used

So, the correct answer is 'Theophrastus'

Homoeostasis is the property of all living beings in which by a self regulatory mechanism of maintaining favourable internal condition for uninterrupted chemical reactions in the living system despite changes in the external environment.  e.g. In winter the skin contracts to conserve body heat.

Palaeontology is the study of fossils (remains or impressions of ancient forms) and their distribution in rocks of various ages. Study of animal fossils is known as paleozoology and study of plant fossils is known as palaeobotany.

Line in NCERT: Not Found

Taxonomy is a branch of biology, which deals with the study of the collection, identification, nomenclature and classification of living organisms. The basis of classification is by the comparison of the similarities and differences of the morphological, anatomical, physiological and some other characteristics of the organism. 

Eugenics is the science that deals with factors (such as principles of genetics) related to improvement of human race. Improvement of race is positive eugenics and if factors impaires, then it is negative eugenics.          

-Euthenics  is the science which improves the condition of life and the environment of human well being.   

-Ethnology is the study of different races of mankind, their distribution, relationship and activities.   

-Euphenics is the study of body functions and treatment of heredity defect through medical means i.e. genetic engineering.

Taxon is a taxonomic group of any ranking . because in taxonomic hierarchy we can take any individual group of the seven as a taxon. but they all seven taxa differ in the level of ranking.

Line in NCERT: "Each category, referred to as a unit of classification, in fact, represents a rank and is commonly termed as taxon (pl.: taxa)."

Species is the basic unit for understanding taxonomy, that occupies a key position. It is defined as a dynamic genetically distinct group of organisms, which resemble each other in all respect and freely interbreed among themselves to produce fertile offsprings.

Line in NCERT: "All organisms, including those in the plant and animal kingdoms have species as the lowest category."

Linnaeus evolved a system of nomenclature called the binomial system of nomenclature. In this system, the organism is named with two words, the first word provides the name of the genus and the second word provides the name of the species the organism belongs to.

Line in NCERT: "This system of providing a name with two components is called Binomial nomenclature."

Linnaeus put forward an “Artificial system” of plant classification which was based on sexual characters. It is commonly  also called as Sexual System of plant classification.

Artificial system of classification is one in which only morphological features are taken in to account. This was first proposed by Carl Linnaeus. 

Linnaeus, 1758 developed 'Binomial system of nomenclature', de Candolle gave the term taxonomy. Theophrastus, father of botany, gave names and descriptions of 480 plants in his book. 'Historia plantarum' and Darwin proposed the theory of natural selection or origin of species.

The term “New Systematics” was given by Julian Huxley (1940). Characters of plants collected through different branches of science are considered eg. ecology, physiology, biochemistry, cytology, genetics etc.

George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker has given Natural system of classification. In this system of classification all the important characteristic of the organisms that provide information regarding their natural relationship are taken into consideration which helps in bringing out maximum number of similarities in a group and comparable differences with other groups of organisms. For example Mammals are characterised by the presence of mammary gland, hair, Vivipary, 4 chambered heart etc.