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NEET Exam  >  NEET Test  >  Topic-wise MCQ Tests  >  31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - NEET MCQ

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance


MCQ Practice Test & Solutions: 31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 (15 Questions)

You can prepare effectively for NEET Topic-wise MCQ Tests for NEET with this dedicated MCQ Practice Test (available with solutions) on the important topic of "31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2". These 15 questions have been designed by the experts with the latest curriculum of NEET 2026, to help you master the concept.

Test Highlights:

  • - Format: Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ)
  • - Duration: 13 minutes
  • - Number of Questions: 15

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31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 1
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Which one of the following also acts as a catalyst in a bacterial cell ?

[2011]

Detailed Solution: Question 1

23sr RNA acts as a catalyst in a bacterial cell.
Topic in NCERT: Translation
Line in NCERT:  The ribosome also acts as a catalyst (23S rRNA in bacteria is the enzyme- ribozyme) for the formation of peptide bond.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 2
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Satellite DNA is useful tool in:

[2010]

Detailed Solution: Question 2

Satellite DNA is useful in forensic science. The polymorphism of minisatellite, microsatellite and minivariant repeats is analysed for DNA finger printing, DNA profiling. It helps in the resolution of crimes, legal disputes etc.

Topic in NCERT: Dna fingerprinting

Line in NCERT: The bulk DNA forms a major peak and the other small peaks are referred to as satellite DNA. Depending on base composition (A : T rich or G:C rich), length of segment, and number of repetitive units, the satellite DNA is classified into many categories, such as micro-satellites, mini-satellites etc. These sequences normally do not code for any proteins, but they form a large portion of human genome. These sequence show high degree of polymorphism and form the basis of DNA fingerprinting. Since DNA from every tissue (such as blood, hair-follicle, skin, bone, saliva, sperm etc.), from an individual show the same degree of polymorphism, they become very useful identification tool in forensic applications

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31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 3
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Select the two correct statements out of the four (a–d) given below about lac operon.

(i) Glucose or galactose may bind with the repressor and inactivate it
(ii) In the absence of lactose the repressor binds with the operator region
(iii) The z-gene codes for permease
(iv) This was elucidated by Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod

The correct statements are:

[2010]

Detailed Solution: Question 3

Statement (ii) is accurate because the repressor binds to the operator region to block transcription when lactose is not present. Statement (iv) is true as the lac operon model was indeed elucidated by Francois Jacob and Jacque Monod, earning them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1965.

Statement (i) is incorrect because it is allolactose, a form of lactose, not glucose or galactose, that binds to the repressor and inactivates it. Statement (iii) is also incorrect; the z-gene codes for β-galactosidase, not permease (which is encoded by the y-gene).

Topic in NCERT: The lac operon

Line in NCERT: "the elucidation of the lac operon was also a result of a close association between a geneticist, francois jacob and a biochemist, jacque monod."
The z gene codes for beta-galactosidase (β-gal), which is primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of the disaccharide, lactose into its monomeric units, galactose and glucose.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 4
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Semi-conservative replication of DNA was first demonstrated in:

[2009]

Detailed Solution: Question 4

Semiconservative replication of DNA was first demonstrated in Escherichia coli. E. coli is a common type of bacteria that can get into food, like beef and vegetables. The strange thing about these bacteria is that they are not always harmful to you. E. coli normally lives inside your intestines, where it helps your body breakdown and digest the food you eat.

Topic in NCERT: The experimental proof

Line in NCERT: "it is now proven that dna replicates semiconservatively. it was shown first in escherichia coli and subsequently in higher organisms, such as plants and human cells."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 5
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Removal of introns and joining the exons in a defined order in a transcription unit is called:

[2009]

Detailed Solution: Question 5

Splicing is the removal of introns and joining the exons in a defined order in a transcription unit. In molecular biology, splicing is a modification of RNA after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined.

Topic in NCERT: Types of rna and the process of transcription

Line in NCERT: "hence, it is subjected to a process called splicing where the introns are removed and exons are joined in a defined order."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 6
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What is not true for genetic code?

[2009]

Detailed Solution: Question 6

The genetic code consists of 64 triplets of nucleotides. These triplets are called codons. With three exceptions, each codon encodes for one of the 20 amino acids used in the synthesis of proteins. That produces some redundancy in the code. Most of the amino acids being encoded by more than one codon. The genetic code can be expressed as either RNA codons or DNA codons.
Topic in NCERT: The Genetic Code
Line in NCERT: The codon is read in mRNA in a contiguous fashion. There are no punctuations.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 7
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Which one of the following pairs of nitrogenous bases of nucleic acids, is wrongly matched with the category mentioned against it?

[2008]

Detailed Solution: Question 7

Purine is an organic nitrogenous base sparingly soluble in water, that gives rise to a group of biologically important derivatives, notably adenine and guanine, which occur in nucleotides and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). 
Topic in NCERT: The DNA
Line in NCERT : There are two types of nitrogenous bases – Purines (Adenine and Guanine), and Pyrimidines (Cytosine, Uracil and Thymine).

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 8
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Which one of the following pairs of codons is correctly matched with their function or the signal for the particular amino acid?

[2008]

Detailed Solution: Question 8

GCU indicates alanine but GUU indicates valine. Stop codons are UAG, UGA and UAA AUG is the most common start codon which does for methionine. UUA indicates leucine but UCA indicates serine. 

Topic in NCERT: Stop codons

Line in NCERT: "uaa, uag, uga are stop terminator codons."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 9
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In the DNA molecule

[2008]

Detailed Solution: Question 9

In the DNA molecule, there are two strands which run anti parallel one is 5' - 3' direction and other in 3' -5' direction, the two chains are held together by hydrogen bonds between their bases. Adenine (A), a purine of one chain his exactly opposite thymine (T), a pyramidine of the other chain. Similarly, cytosine (C), a pyrimidine lies opposite guanine (G), a purine. This allows a sort of lock & key arrangment between large sized purine & small sized pyrimidine. It is strengthened by the appearance of hydrogen bonds between the two. 

Topic in NCERT: Double-helix structure of dna

Line in NCERT: "the two chains have anti-parallel polarity. it means, if one chain has the polarity 5'3', the other has 3'>5'."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 10
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A sequential expression of a set of human genes

[2007]

Detailed Solution: Question 10

A sequential expression of a set of human genes is the DNA sequence. Because gene is the functional part of DNA sequence.

Topic in NCERT: Molecular basis of inheritance

Line in NCERT: "the dna sequence coding for trna or rrna molecule also define a gene."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 11
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The length of DNA molecule greatly exceeds the dimensions of the nucleus in eukaryotic cells. How is this DNA accommodated?

[2007]

Detailed Solution: Question 11

The nucleosome model explains the packaging of histone proteins and DNA in the chromatin material which forms the chromosome.

Topic in NCERT: Nucleosome structure and function

Line in NCERT: "the negatively charged dna is wrapped around the positively charged histone octamer to form a structure called nucleosome."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 12
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E.coli cells with a mutated z gene of the lac operon cannot grow in medium containing only lactose as the source of energy because:

[2005]

Detailed Solution: Question 12

Operons are segments of genetic material which function as regulated unit or units that can be switched on and switched off. An operon consists of one to several structural genes. (Three in lac operon) These are genes which produce mRNAs for forming polypeptides / proteins / enzymes. Z (produces enzyme β galactosidase for splitting lactose into glucose and galactose). Y (produces enzyme galactoside permease required in entry of lactose) A (produces enzyme thiogalactoside trans- acetylase).
The three structural genes of the operon produce a single polycistronic mRNA.

Topic in NCERT: Lac operon

Line in NCERT: "the z gene codes for beta-galactosidase (β-gal), which is primarily responsible for the hydrolysis of the disaccharide, lactose into its monomeric units, galactose and glucose."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 13
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Which of the following is true with respect to AUG?  [2004]

Detailed Solution: Question 13

AUG—It codes for methionine only in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, it is also an initiation codon.

Topic in NCERT: Functions of aug codon

Line in NCERT: "aug has dual functions. it codes for methionine (met), and it also act as initiator codon."

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 14
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DNA or RNA segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called: (AIPMT - 2010)

Detailed Solution: Question 14

A DNA or RNA segment that is tagged with a radioactive molecule for the purpose of detection in various experiments, such as hybridization, is called a probe. Probes are used to locate specific sequences in DNA or RNA samples by binding to a complementary strand and thereby signaling the presence of the target sequence through radioactive or fluorescent labels.

31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Molecular Basis of Inheritance - 2 - Question 15
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In eukaryotic cell transcription, RNA splicing and RNA capping take place inside the: (AIPMT - 2010)

Detailed Solution: Question 15

In eukaryotic cells, transcription, RNA splicing, and RNA capping occur within the nucleus. Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from DNA. RNA splicing involves the removal of introns and joining of exons in a pre-mRNA transcript. RNA capping adds a modified guanine nucleotide to the 5' end of the newly synthesized RNA, protecting the RNA from degradation and helping in ribosome recognition during translation. These processes are essential for producing mature mRNA that is then transported out of the nucleus for translation in the cytoplasm.

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