31 Years NEET Previous Year Questions: Plant Kingdom - 1 - NEET MCQ

Genera like Selaginella and Salvinia which produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) spores, are known as heterosporous.

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 37 of topic “3.3 PTERIDOPHYTES” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• Strobilus is a structure present on many land plant species consisting of sporangia bearing structure densely aggregated along a stem. Equisetum produces strobili.
• Marchantia, pteris and salvinia do not produce strobilus.

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 36 of topic “3.3 PTERIDOPHYTES” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• In Pteridophytes, megaspore is retained for some time in female gametophytes. However, permanent retention is required for seed formation and hence seed is not formed.
• That's why Pteridophytes are said to be precursors of seed habit.

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 36 of topic “3.3 PTERIDOPHYTES” of chapter 3.

• Pinus has mutualistic association with fungus in the form of mycorrhizae.
• The fungi help the plant in the absorption of essential nutrients from the soil and the plant provides fungi with high energy-yielding carbohydrates.

Hence, the correct option is C.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 38 of topic “3.4 GYMNOSPERMS” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• Gymnosperms have naked ovule.
• Selaginella and Salvinia both produce two kinds of spores, macro (large) and micro (small) hence, called heterosporous.
• Equisetum (horsetail, scouring rush) is a pteridophyte.
• Stems are branched in Cedrus but unbranched in Cycas.

Hence, the correct option is A.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 38 of topic “3.4 GYMNOSPERMS” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

Ectocarpus possesses haplodiplontic whereas Fucus possesses diplontic life cycle.

Fig: Diploid life cycle: Fucus

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 43 of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• The presence of thick cuticle, presence of sunken stomata, and needle-like leaves are xerophytic adaptations of conifers for tolerating extreme environmental conditions.

Hence, the correct option is C.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 38 of topic “3.4 GYMNOSPERMS” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• Algin is obtained from Laminaria & Fucus – Brown algae while Carrageenan from Chondrus crispus – Red algae.
• Agar-agar is a gelling agent with unbranched polysaccharides and is used in microbiology as a solidifying agent of liquid culture mediums. It is extracted from the cell wall of red algae, mostly from Gelidium species and Gracilaria species.
• Laminaria and Sargassum are brown algae and are cultivated as a crop. 
• Algae are green photosynthetic organisms that release oxygen in the immediate vicinity through the process of photosynthesis. 

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 32 of topic “3.1 ALGAE” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• In bryophytes and pteridophytes, transport of male gametes requires water. 
• The male gametes, produced by reproductive structures called antheridia, are free-swimming sperm cells that need water to transport them to the female gametes, which are enclosed within structures called archegonia.
• Because of the need for water, bryophytes are especially common in wet habitats such as bogs, streambanks, and moist forests. However, they are not restricted to these habitats, and some mosses thrive in deserts, above the tree line, and in the Arctic tundra.

Fig: Bryophytes vs Pteridophytes

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: Topics “3.2 BRYOPHYTES” and “3.3 PTERIDOPHYTES” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

The tallest trees in the world are redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens), which tower above the ground in California. These trees can easily reach heights of 300 feet (91 meters).

Fig: Sequoia sempervirens

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 38 of topic “3.4 GYMNOSPERMS” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

Pinus belongs to gymnosperms in which male and female gametophytes do not have an independent free-living existence.

They remain within the sporangia which are of two types:

• Microsporangia
• Megasporangia

Hence, the correct option is C.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 39 of topic “3.4 GYMNOSPERMS” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• The thalli of lichens can adhere to the surface of the rock and absorb moisture from the atmosphere; therefore, these colonize the bare surfaces of rocks first. These lichens produce acids that corrode the rock and their thalli collect windblown soil particles among them that help in formation of a thin film of soil. 
• The adult plant body of bryophyte represents the gametophyte. A short-lived sporophyte occurs as a parasite on the gametophyte. In gymnosperms, a leafy green sporophyte generates cones containing male and female gametophytes; female cones are bigger than male cones and are located higher up in the tree. 
• The coralloid roots contain symbiotic cyanobacteria (blue-green algae), which fix nitrogen and, in association with root tissues, produce such beneficial amino acids as asparagine and citrulline. 

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Topics “3.2 BRYOPHYTES” and “3.4 GYMNOSPERMS” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• Rhodophytes or red algae contain chlorophyll which is masked by phycobilin pigments bound to proteins.
• The chloroplasts in red algae resemble cyanobacteria both biochemically and structurally.
• Food reserves are stored outside of the chloroplasts as floridean starch whereas mannitol is the stored food in Phaeophyceae. 

Hence, the correct answer is option C.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 33 of topic “3.1.3 Rhodophyceae” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• Male gametes are flagellated in Ectocarpus (phaeophyceae). They possess heterokont and lateral flagella.
• Ectocarpus is a brown alga. It is abundantly found throughout the world in cold waters. The male gametes typically contain a single chloroplast with a pyrenoid and a prominent concave eye spot, into which the swelling of the posterior flagellum (the photoreceptor) fits.

General intracellular structure of Ectocarpus siliculosus:

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 33 of topic “3.1.2 Phaeophyceae” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• In Spirogyra, sexual reproduction occurs through conjugation.
• Gametes are non-flagellated morphologically similar but physiologically different (isogamy with physiological anisogamy). 

Isogamy with non-flagellated gametes is found in spirogyra:

Hence, the correct option is D.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 30 of topic “3.1 ALGAE” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

Chara is a multicellular green alga. Sexual reproduction in Chara is oogamous.

• The male sex organ is a spherical structure which is yellow in color and is called antheridium or globule.
• The female sex organ is oval shaped green colored structure and is called oogonium or nucule.
• Most species of Chara are monoecious i.e. globule and nucule are present on the same plant. 
• Globule and nucule are present at the nodes with globule present below the nucule i.e. oogonium are present at the upper portion and antheridium is present at the lower portion.

Hence, statement 'Upper antheridium and lower oogonium' is incorrect among all the given statements. 

Chara-green algae:

Hence, the correct option is C.

• Chlorella is an attractive potential food source now-a-days because it is high in protein and other essential nutrients.
• When dried, it contains about 45% protein, 20% fat, 20% carbohydrate, 5% fibre and 10% minerals along with vitamin.
• It is mainly used as a food supplement for astronauts.

Fig: Chlorella

Hence, the correct option is B.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 32 of topic “3.1 ALGAE” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• In the prothallus of a vascular cryptogamic plant, maturation of antherozoids and eggs takes place at different times and is known as an outbreeding device.
• As a result of which self-fertilization is prevented and cross-fertilization occurs.

Hence, the correct option is D.

• Peat is mainly an accumulation of partially decayed vegetation or organic matter and Sphagnum accumulations can store water since both living and dead plants can hold large quantities of water and living matter like meat for long-distance transport inside their cells hence it is responsible for peat formation.

Schematic of Sphagnum plants:

Hence, the correct option is D.
NCERT Reference: Page no. 35 of topic “3.2 BRYOPHYTES” of chapter 3 of NCERT.

• Asexual reproduction in liverworts takes place by fragmentation of thalli, or by the formation of specialised structures called gemmae (sing. gemma).
• Gemmae are green, multicellular, asexual buds, which develop in small receptacles called gemma cups located on the thalli.
• The gemmae become detached from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.

Hence, the correct option is B.

NCERT Reference: Page no. 35 of topic “3.2.1 Liverworts” of chapter 3.