Olympiad Test: Garbage In Garbage Out - Primary 5 MCQ

Waste (or wastes) are unwanted or unusable materials. Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary use, or is worthless, defective and of no use.

Examples include municipal solid waste (household trash/refuse), hazardous waste, wastewater (such as sewage, which contains bodily wastes (feces and urine) and surface runoff), radioactive waste, and others.

Where do we throw away the garbage from our home?

Proper disposal of garbage is essential for maintaining cleanliness and hygiene. Here are the options for throwing away garbage from our home:

Dust Bins:
- The most common and recommended method is to dispose of garbage in designated dust bins.
- Dust bins are usually placed in public areas or near residential buildings for easy access.
- They are specifically designed to contain and collect different types of waste, such as organic, recyclable, and non-recyclable waste.
Segregation:
- It is important to segregate waste properly before disposing of it.
- Separate organic waste (such as food scraps and garden waste) from recyclable waste (such as paper, plastic, glass, and metal) and non-recyclable waste (such as plastic wrappers and sanitary waste).
- This helps in effective waste management and recycling processes.
Community Waste Management:
- Some communities have specific guidelines and systems for waste management.
- They may have centralized waste collection points or designated days for garbage collection.
- It is important to follow these guidelines and cooperate with the community to ensure proper disposal.
Avoid littering:
- It is crucial to avoid littering and throwing garbage in public spaces, roads, or water bodies.
- This not only creates an unclean environment but also poses a threat to ecosystems and wildlife.
Composting:
- Organic waste, such as kitchen scraps and garden waste, can be composted at home.
- Composting is a natural process that converts organic waste into nutrient-rich soil.
- This reduces the amount of waste that needs to be disposed of and provides a sustainable solution for managing organic waste.
In conclusion, the most appropriate option for throwing away garbage from our home is to dispose of it in dust bins. However, it is important to segregate waste, follow community waste management guidelines, avoid littering, and consider composting for organic waste. By practicing responsible waste disposal, we contribute to a cleaner and healthier environment.

By whom is garbage taken away from dust-bins?
Answer:
The garbage is taken away from dust-bins by Safai-Karamcharis.

Where do Safai-Karamcharis take the garbage after collecting it from dust-bins?
After collecting the garbage from dust-bins, Safai-Karamcharis take it to landfills. Here is a detailed explanation:
Reasons for taking the garbage to landfills:
- Proper waste disposal: Landfills are designated areas for the disposal of waste materials. Safai-Karamcharis take the garbage to these landfills to ensure proper waste disposal.
- Preventing environmental pollution: Landfills are designed to contain and manage waste in a controlled manner, preventing it from polluting the environment. By taking the garbage to landfills, Safai-Karamcharis contribute to maintaining a clean and healthy environment.
- Efficient waste management: Landfills are equipped with systems to handle and treat waste efficiently. They have measures in place to minimize the impact of waste on the surrounding areas. Safai-Karamcharis ensure that the garbage is deposited in these landfills to facilitate effective waste management.
- Public health and hygiene: Dumping garbage in landfills helps in maintaining public health and hygiene. It prevents the accumulation of waste in residential areas, reducing the risk of diseases and infections.
- Compliance with regulations: Governments and local authorities have regulations in place for waste management. Safai-Karamcharis follow these regulations by taking the garbage to designated landfills, ensuring legal compliance.
In conclusion, Safai-Karamcharis take the garbage collected from dust-bins to landfills for proper waste disposal, prevention of environmental pollution, efficient waste management, maintenance of public health and hygiene, and compliance with regulations.

A landfill site (also known as a tip, dump, rubbish dump, garbage dump or dumping ground and historically as a midden) is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial.

Garbage handling at the landfill site:
At a landfill site, garbage is handled in a specific manner to ensure proper waste management. The process typically involves the following steps:
1. Collection and transportation:
- Garbage is collected from various sources such as households, businesses, and industries.
- It is then transported to the designated landfill site using garbage trucks or other suitable means.
2. Disposal:
- Once the garbage reaches the landfill site, it is unloaded and disposed of in a designated area.
- The disposal area is carefully chosen to minimize environmental impact and comply with regulations.
3. Compaction:
- To optimize space utilization, the garbage is compacted using heavy machinery.
- Compaction reduces the volume of waste and helps create space for additional garbage.
4. Covering:
- After a certain amount of waste is deposited, it is covered with a layer of soil or other suitable materials.
- This covering layer helps minimize odor, control pests, and prevent the spread of disease.
5. Separation and sorting:
- In some cases, before disposal, the garbage may undergo separation and sorting processes.
- Useful components like recyclables or organic waste may be separated for further processing or recycling.
6. Monitoring and maintenance:
- Landfill sites require regular monitoring and maintenance to ensure proper functioning.
- This includes monitoring for gas emissions, leachate (liquid produced by decomposing waste), and groundwater contamination.
7. Closure and aftercare:
- Once a landfill site reaches its capacity or is no longer in use, it is closed and undergoes aftercare procedures.
- Aftercare involves processes like covering the site with a final cap, monitoring gas and leachate, and implementing measures to restore the area.
Overall, garbage handling at a landfill site involves careful management, disposal, and monitoring to minimize environmental impact and ensure public health and safety.

How are useful components of garbage utilized?
The useful components of garbage can be utilized in various ways. Here are some possible methods:
1. Composting:
- Useful organic waste such as food scraps, yard waste, and paper products can be composted.
- Composting involves the decomposition of organic materials into nutrient-rich compost, which can be used as a natural fertilizer for plants and gardens.
- Composting helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and promotes sustainable agriculture.
2. Recycling:
- Certain materials like glass, plastic, paper, and metal can be recycled.
- Recycling involves processing these materials to make new products, reducing the need for raw materials and saving energy.
- Recycling helps conserve resources, reduce pollution, and decrease the amount of waste generated.
3. Upcycling:
- Useful components of garbage can be creatively repurposed or transformed into new and valuable products.
- This process, known as upcycling, involves using waste materials to create unique and innovative items.
- Upcycling promotes creativity, reduces waste, and provides economic opportunities.
4. Energy recovery:
- Some types of waste, such as non-recyclable plastics and organic waste, can be used as a source of energy.
- Technologies like waste-to-energy plants can convert waste into electricity, heat, or fuel.
- Energy recovery from waste helps reduce reliance on fossil fuels and contributes to sustainable energy production.
5. Donation and reuse:
- Useful components of garbage can be donated or reused by others.
- Items like clothing, furniture, electronics, and appliances can be given to charitable organizations or sold second-hand.
- Donation and reuse help reduce waste and provide resources for those in need.
It is important to note that the utilization of useful components of garbage varies depending on local waste management practices, infrastructure, and regulations.

When some things in garbage rots completely and did not smell, it:

• Becomes manure: When organic matter in garbage decomposes completely, it turns into manure. Manure is a natural fertilizer that is rich in nutrients and beneficial for plants.


• Can be mixed with soil to provide nutrients to plants: The decomposed garbage, or manure, can be mixed with soil to enhance its fertility. This enriched soil provides essential nutrients to plants, promoting their growth and health.

Therefore, both the above options are correct.

It is called composting.

Explanation:
The correct answer is option D, which states that the dustbins are usually of blue and green colors. Here's a detailed explanation:
Reasoning:
- Different cities have different systems for waste management and garbage collection.
- To make it easier for the waste management workers and the general public to differentiate between different types of waste, dustbins of different colors are used.
- The use of different colored dustbins helps in the segregation of waste materials at the source itself.
- The two colors commonly used for dustbins are blue and green.
Blue Dustbins:
- Blue dustbins are usually used for collecting recyclable waste such as paper, plastic, glass, and metal.
- Recyclable waste can be processed and reused, reducing the environmental impact of waste disposal.
Green Dustbins:
- Green dustbins are typically used for collecting organic waste, such as food scraps, garden waste, and other biodegradable materials.
- Organic waste can be composted and turned into nutrient-rich soil, reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills.
Advantages of using different colored dustbins:
- Easy identification: Different colored dustbins help people identify the type of waste they need to dispose of.
- Proper waste segregation: By using different colored dustbins, waste can be segregated at the source, making it easier for waste management workers to handle and process the waste.
- Environmentally friendly: Proper waste segregation allows for better recycling and composting practices, reducing the amount of waste sent to landfills and promoting a more sustainable environment.
Therefore, the dustbins used for the collection of garbage are usually of blue and green colors.

In blue bin we collect materials which are non-biodegrable or say reusable, these are materials which also make environment pollutated when we try to destroy them. So it should not be destroyed and in fact it should be reused.

The green bins are used for collecting kitchen and other plant or animal wastes. This type of waste rots completely when buried in the soil.

No, burning of dry leaves produces smoke and harmful gases which are injurious to our health.

Vermicompost (vermi-compost) is the product of the decomposition process using various species of worms, usually red wigglers, white worms, and other earthworms, to create a mixture of decomposing vegetable or food waste, bedding materials, and vermicast.

Red worm used in vermi composting is a type of earthworm.

Red worms used in vermi composting need food like:

• Vegetable and fruit wastes: Red worms thrive on organic matter, and vegetable and fruit wastes provide a rich source of nutrients for them.

Explanation:

Vermi composting, also known as worm composting, is a method of composting that uses red worms to break down organic waste into nutrient-rich compost. Red worms play a crucial role in this process by consuming organic matter and excreting nutrient-rich castings.

The red worms used in vermi composting require a specific diet to thrive and effectively break down the organic waste. While they can consume a variety of organic materials, vegetable and fruit wastes are particularly suitable for their diet. These food sources are high in moisture and contain a wide range of nutrients that red worms need to survive and reproduce.

It is important to note that red worms should not be fed with non-organic or inorganic materials such as dead worms, plastic bags, or broken toys. These materials are not suitable for their diet and can harm the worms or disrupt the composting process.

By providing red worms with a proper diet, such as vegetable and fruit wastes, vermi composting can be a sustainable and efficient method of recycling organic waste while producing nutrient-rich compost for gardening and farming purposes.

To make a comfortable home for red worms, the following steps can be taken:
Digging a pit:
- Dig a pit about 30 cm deep.
- This depth allows enough space for the red worms to burrow and move freely.
Choosing the location:
- Select a place that is neither too hot nor too cold.
- Extreme temperatures can be harmful to the red worms.
- A temperature range of 15-25 degrees Celsius is considered ideal for their growth and reproduction.
Creating a suitable environment:
- Add organic matter such as kitchen scraps, vegetable peels, and shredded newspaper to the pit.
- This provides the red worms with a source of food and helps maintain the moisture level.
- Avoid adding meat, dairy products, oily substances, or citrus fruits as they can attract pests or create an imbalance in the worm bin.
Maintaining moisture:
- Red worms require a moist environment to survive.
- Regularly spray water onto the bedding material to keep it moist but not waterlogged.
- Maintain a moisture level of around 70-80% in the worm bin.
Providing bedding material:
- Use bedding material such as shredded newspaper, cardboard, or coconut coir.
- This provides a comfortable environment for the red worms to live and reproduce.
Managing the worm bin:
- Avoid overfeeding the red worms.
- Feed them small amounts of organic matter regularly, rather than in large quantities.
- Monitor the moisture level, temperature, and pH of the worm bin regularly.
- Adjust these factors as needed to maintain optimal conditions for the red worms.
By following these steps, you can create a comfortable home for red worms, ensuring their well-being and promoting their growth and reproduction.

Answer:
To create a home for red worms, the following materials can be spread at the bottom of the pit:
- A net: A net can be spread at the bottom of the pit to provide a barrier between the worms and the soil, preventing them from burrowing too deep.
- Wire mesh: Wire mesh can also be spread at the bottom of the pit for the same purpose as a net, to create a barrier between the worms and the soil.
- Chicken mess: Chicken mess can be spread at the bottom of the pit as a source of organic matter and nutrients for the red worms. The worms will feed on the chicken mess, helping to break it down and create nutrient-rich compost.
- Any one of net, chicken mess and wire mesh: It is also possible to use a combination of these materials. For example, a layer of net or wire mesh can be spread first to provide a barrier, followed by a layer of chicken mess to provide organic matter.
By using any one or a combination of net, wire mesh, and chicken mess, the pit can be prepared as a suitable habitat for red worms. This will ensure that the worms have a comfortable and nutritious environment to thrive and contribute to composting efforts.

Food for Red Worms:

Red worms, also known as red wigglers or compost worms, are commonly used in vermicomposting to break down organic waste into nutrient-rich compost. They require specific types of food to thrive and reproduce. Here are the suitable food options for red worms:

• Coffee: Red worms can consume coffee grounds in moderation. Coffee grounds are acidic, so it is important to balance them with other neutral or alkaline materials.



• Tea: Tea leaves and tea bags, especially those made from natural materials like paper, can be fed to red worms. However, avoid using tea bags with plastic or synthetic components.



• Vegetable and fruit wastes: Red worms thrive on a diet rich in vegetable and fruit scraps. These can include peels, cores, discarded leaves, and other organic kitchen waste.

Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Vegetable and fruit wastes. Red worms should be fed a balanced diet consisting primarily of vegetable and fruit wastes, with coffee and tea grounds added in moderation.

Composting with worms is called “vermicomposting.” In the composting bin, worms live in bedding, such as coconut coir, shredded brown corrugated cardboard, and pure peat moss. Red worms move through their bedding by eating it. The tunnels are eaten away holes. They dig away until they find food.