Science Practice Test - 2 - Class 5 MCQ

Statement A: Toads are reptiles.
- Toads are actually amphibians, not reptiles.
- Therefore, statement A is false.
Statement B: Jellyfish is a vertebrate.
- Jellyfish is an invertebrate as it lacks a backbone or vertebral column.
- Therefore, statement B is false.
Statement C: Penguin is a mammal.
- Penguins are birds and not mammals.
- Therefore, statement C is false.
Statement D: Seahorse is a fish.
- Seahorses are indeed fish.
- They possess gills and fins and live in water habitats.
- Therefore, statement D is true.
Therefore, the true statement is D: Seahorse is a fish.

Answer:

Mushroom is an example of a fungi.

Explanation:

• Definition of Mushroom: A mushroom is the fleshy, spore-bearing fruiting body of a fungus. It is typically produced above ground on soil or on its food source.


• Characteristics of Fungi: Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that are classified under the kingdom Fungi. They have the following characteristics:




• They are eukaryotic organisms, which means their cells have a nucleus.


• They are heterotrophs, meaning they obtain nutrients by absorbing them from their environment.


• They have cell walls made of chitin.


• They reproduce through the production of spores.


• They play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers, breaking down dead organic matter and recycling nutrients.




• Importance of Fungi: Fungi have a wide range of ecological and economic importance:




• They are essential for the decomposition of organic matter, helping to cycle nutrients back into the environment.


• They form mutualistic relationships with plants, such as mycorrhizal associations, where they help plants absorb nutrients from the soil.


• They are used in the production of various foods and beverages, such as bread, cheese, and beer.


• They are also used in the production of antibiotics and other pharmaceuticals.


• Some fungi can cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans.

Therefore, mushroom is an example of a fungi, which is a type of organism that plays important roles in ecosystems and has various ecological and economic importance.

The Tail Fin in Fish: Its Use and Functionality
The tail fin, also known as the caudal fin, is a crucial anatomical feature in fish that serves several important purposes. Let's explore how the tail fin is useful to fish in detail:
Balancing:
- The tail fin helps fish maintain balance and stability in the water.
- It acts as a counterbalance to the fish's body, preventing it from rolling or tipping over.
- By adjusting the position and movement of the tail fin, fish can control their equilibrium, allowing them to swim in a straight line.
Changing Direction:
- Fish use their tail fins to change direction quickly and efficiently.
- The tail fin acts as a powerful propeller, generating thrust that propels the fish forward or backward.
- By flexing their tail fins in different ways, fish can maneuver and make sharp turns while swimming.
Increased Speed:
- The shape and structure of the tail fin enable fish to swim at high speeds.
- The streamlined design reduces drag in the water, allowing fish to move swiftly.
- Fish can adjust the angle and movement of their tail fin to optimize propulsion and increase their swimming speed.
Escape and Defense:
- The tail fin plays a vital role in fish's ability to escape from predators or potential threats.
- When faced with danger, fish can rapidly move their tail fin to create a burst of speed, helping them evade capture.
- Some fish species have specialized tail fins, such as the forked caudal fin, which enhances their agility and escape capabilities.
In conclusion, the tail fin in fish serves multiple essential functions. It aids in balancing the fish's body, allows for efficient changes in direction, increases swimming speed, and aids in escape and defense mechanisms. The tail fin is a remarkable adaptation that contributes significantly to the survival and locomotion of fish in their aquatic environment.

Seed Dispersal Mechanisms:
There are several mechanisms through which seeds are dispersed in nature. Light, small, and dry seeds are specifically adapted for dispersal by wind.
Wind Dispersal Mechanism:
- Wind dispersal, also known as anemochory, is a common mechanism for dispersing seeds.
- This mechanism is especially effective for light and small seeds that have adaptations to catch the wind and travel over long distances.
- The main adaptations of wind-dispersed seeds include lightweight structures and structures that enable them to be carried by air currents.
- Some key characteristics of wind-dispersed seeds are feathery or wing-like structures, hairs, or parachutes that increase buoyancy and enable them to be lifted and carried by the wind.
- As the seeds are released from the parent plant, they can be carried away by the wind to new locations, increasing their chances of germination and survival.
Examples of Wind-Dispersed Seeds:
- Dandelion seeds have a fluffy structure called a pappus that allows them to be easily carried by the wind.
- Maple tree seeds, also known as samaras or "helicopters," have wing-like structures that spin and glide in the air, aiding in their dispersal.
- Milkweed seeds have silky hairs that help them float in the wind.
- The seeds of pine trees have wings called "pine cones" that enable them to be carried by the wind.
In conclusion, light, small, and dry seeds are dispersed by the wind. Their adaptations allow them to be easily carried away from the parent plant to new locations, increasing their chances of survival and successful germination.

Soil Conservation
Soil conservation refers to the practices and techniques used to prevent soil degradation and erosion. It is essential for maintaining soil fertility and productivity. One of the most effective ways to conserve soil is through afforestation, which involves planting trees and vegetation in areas where they have been removed. Here are some key points about soil conservation and the role of afforestation:
Afforestation
- Afforestation is the process of establishing a forest, or stand of trees, in an area where there was no forest.
- It helps prevent soil erosion by providing a protective cover for the soil surface, reducing the impact of rainfall and wind.
- The roots of trees help bind the soil particles together, making it less susceptible to erosion.
- The presence of trees also helps to increase organic matter content in the soil, improving its fertility and water-holding capacity.
- Afforestation can also help regulate the water cycle, reducing the risk of floods and droughts.
Other Practices for Soil Conservation
- Contour ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines of a slope helps to reduce water runoff and soil erosion.
- Terracing: Constructing terraces on steep slopes helps to slow down water flow, preventing erosion.
- Cover cropping: Planting cover crops, such as legumes or grasses, in between main crops helps to protect the soil from erosion and adds organic matter.
- Conservation tillage: Minimizing soil disturbance during tilling helps to maintain soil structure and reduce erosion.
- Crop rotation: Rotating crops helps to break pest and disease cycles, improve soil fertility, and reduce erosion.
Overall, afforestation and the implementation of various soil conservation practices are crucial for maintaining the health and productivity of soil. By protecting the soil from erosion and degradation, we can ensure sustainable agricultural practices and preserve the environment.

Answer:
The winged seed of drumstick is best dispersed by wind.
Explanation:
The winged seed of drumstick is designed in such a way that it can be easily carried away by wind to a suitable location for germination. Here is a detailed explanation on why wind is the best dispersal agent for the winged seed of drumstick:
1. Structure of the seed:
- The drumstick seed has a thin and lightweight wing attached to it.
- This wing helps the seed to catch the wind and get carried away to distant places.
2. Advantages of wind dispersal:
- Wind dispersal allows the seed to cover long distances, increasing the chances of finding suitable conditions for germination.
- It helps in spreading the seed over a wide area, reducing competition for resources among the offspring.
- Wind dispersal also helps in colonizing new habitats, ensuring the survival and expansion of the drumstick plant population.
3. Disadvantages of other dispersal agents:
- Water: The drumstick seed does not have any adaptations to float on water. Therefore, water dispersal is not an efficient method for the winged seed of drumstick.
- Birds: Birds may eat the drumstick seed, preventing it from germinating and dispersing. Hence, birds are not the best dispersal agent for the winged seed of drumstick.
- Insects: Insects are not known to actively disperse drumstick seeds. They may accidentally carry a few seeds, but their role in seed dispersal is limited.

In conclusion, wind is the best dispersal agent for the winged seed of drumstick due to its lightweight structure and the advantages it offers in terms of long-distance dispersal and colonization of new habitats.

Fire can be put out through various methods. The answer to the question is option D, which means all of the given methods can be used to extinguish a fire. Let's break down each option and explain how it works:
Removing burning substance:
- This method involves physically removing the material that is burning.
- By removing the fuel source, the fire will no longer have anything to sustain its combustion.
Cutting off the supply of air:
- Fire needs oxygen to burn. By cutting off the supply of air or oxygen, the fire cannot continue.
- This can be achieved by using fire blankets, closing doors and windows, or using fire suppression systems that displace the oxygen in the area.
Cooling the burning substance below kindling temperature:
- Fire needs heat to sustain itself. By cooling the burning substance, the temperature is reduced below its ignition point, known as the kindling temperature.
- Water is commonly used to cool down fires as it absorbs heat from the fire and lowers the temperature of the fuel.
All of these:
- By combining all the methods mentioned above, the chances of successfully extinguishing the fire are increased.
- Different types of fires may require different approaches, so having multiple methods available can be beneficial.
In conclusion, fire can be put out by removing the burning substance, cutting off the supply of air, and cooling the burning substance below its kindling temperature. By using all of these methods, the fire can be effectively extinguished.

The part of the cactus that helps it to reduce water loss to the hot and dry surroundings is its needle-shaped leaves.
Cacti are well-adapted to survive in arid environments by minimizing water loss through various adaptations. Here's how the needle-shaped leaves contribute to reducing water loss:
1. Reduced Surface Area: The needle-shaped leaves of cacti have a reduced surface area compared to broad, flat leaves found in other plants. This reduces the exposure of the leaf surface to the surrounding dry air, helping to minimize water loss through evaporation.
2. Thick Cuticle: Cacti have a thick waxy cuticle on the surface of their needle-shaped leaves. This cuticle acts as a barrier, preventing water loss through the leaf surface by reducing evaporation.
3. Spines: The needle-shaped leaves of cacti often have spines, which further reduce water loss. The spines create a layer of still air around the plant, reducing air movement and transpiration.
4. Modified Stems: Cacti have fleshy stems that store water. These stems are covered with a layer of spines, which also help to reduce water loss. The storage capacity of the fleshy stems allows cacti to survive during prolonged periods of drought.
In conclusion, the needle-shaped leaves of cacti play a crucial role in reducing water loss to the hot and dry surroundings. Their reduced surface area, thick cuticle, spines, and fleshy stems all contribute to the plant's ability to survive in arid environments.

Gases Used in Fizzy Drinks
Carbon Dioxide
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas most commonly used in fizzy drinks to create the tingling sensation.
- When carbon dioxide is dissolved in a liquid, it forms carbonic acid, which gives the drink its characteristic fizz.
- The carbon dioxide is added under pressure during the bottling process, which allows it to dissolve into the liquid.
- When the bottle is opened, the pressure is released, causing the carbon dioxide to come out of solution and create bubbles.
Oxygen
- Oxygen (O2) is not used in fizzy drinks to create the tingling taste.
- Oxygen is a colorless, odorless gas and does not produce fizz or carbonation.
Nitrogen
- Nitrogen (N2) is another gas that is not typically used in fizzy drinks to create the tingling taste.
- Nitrogen is often used in other beverages, such as nitro cold brew coffee, to create a smooth and creamy texture.
Hydrogen
- Hydrogen (H2) is not used in fizzy drinks to create the tingling taste.
- Hydrogen gas is highly flammable and not suitable for use in food and beverages.
Conclusion
Carbon dioxide is the gas most commonly used in fizzy drinks to create the tingling taste. It dissolves in the liquid under pressure and is released as bubbles when the bottle is opened. Oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen are not typically used for this purpose.

Animal Classification:
- Herbivore: An animal that only eats plants.
- Carnivore: An animal that only eats meat.
- Omnivore: An animal that eats both plants and meat.
Identifying the Omnivore:
To determine which animal is an omnivore from the given options, we need to consider their typical diet.
- Goat: Goats are herbivores. They primarily eat plants, such as grass, leaves, and shrubs.
- Elephant: Elephants are herbivores as well. They consume a variety of plant material, including grass, leaves, bark, and fruits.
- Rat: Rats are omnivores. While they do eat grains, seeds, and fruits like herbivores, they are also known to consume insects, small animals, and even carrion.
- Vulture: Vultures are carnivores. They feed on dead animals and have a diet composed mainly of meat.
Conclusion:
From the given options, the rat is the omnivore. It has a diet that includes both plant material and meat, making it suitable for an omnivorous classification.

Explanation:
The correct answer is C: cotyledon.
The cotyledon is a part of the seed that contains stored nutrients. It is the first leaf-like structure that emerges from the seed during germination. The cotyledon provides the seedling with the necessary nutrients until it is able to make its own food through photosynthesis.
Here is a detailed explanation of each option:
A: radicle
- The radicle is the embryonic root of a plant. It is responsible for anchoring the seedling into the soil and absorbing water and nutrients. However, it does not provide the seedling with food.
B: plumule
- The plumule is the embryonic shoot of a plant. It develops into the stem and leaves of the seedling. Like the radicle, it does not provide the seedling with food.
C: cotyledon
- The cotyledon is the primary source of food for the seedling before it starts to make its own food through photosynthesis. It contains stored nutrients that are used by the seedling for growth and development.
D: None of these
- This option is incorrect because the cotyledon does provide the seedling with food.
In summary, the seedling gets its food from the cotyledon before it starts to make its own food through photosynthesis.

Formation of Humus

• Mould: Mould is a type of fungi that plays a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter. It breaks down dead plant and animal materials, releasing nutrients and organic compounds that contribute to the formation of humus.

Humus Formation:

• Humus is formed through the process of decomposition, which involves the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms and other decomposers.


• During decomposition, the organic matter goes through several stages, starting with fresh plant and animal residues and progressing to more stable forms.


• This decomposition process is facilitated by various factors, such as temperature, moisture, oxygen availability, and the presence of decomposers like mould.


• As the organic matter decomposes, it releases carbon compounds and other nutrients into the soil.


• Over time, these compounds accumulate and transform into humus, which is a dark, stable, and nutrient-rich material that contributes to soil fertility and structure.

Therefore, mould helps in the formation of humus by breaking down organic matter and releasing nutrients that eventually contribute to the accumulation and transformation of organic compounds into humus.

To separate the iron nails from the sawdust in the mixture, the easiest way is to use a magnet. Here's the detailed solution:
1. Obtain a magnet: You will need a magnet with enough magnetic strength to attract the iron nails.
2. Spread the mixture: Empty the mixture onto a flat surface, such as a table or a tray, so that it is spread out evenly.
3. Move the magnet over the mixture: Hold the magnet above the mixture and move it slowly across the surface. The magnetic force will attract the iron nails towards the magnet.
4. Collect the separated iron nails: As you move the magnet, the iron nails will stick to it. Collect the iron nails and set them aside.
5. Repeat the process: Continue moving the magnet over the mixture until you have separated all the iron nails from the sawdust.
6. Dispose of the remaining sawdust: Once you have removed all the iron nails, you can dispose of the remaining sawdust as desired.
Using a magnet to separate the iron nails from the sawdust is the easiest and most efficient method because iron is magnetic, while sawdust is not. The magnetic force allows the iron nails to be easily isolated from the mixture.

The answer is D: an inclined plane.
Explanation:
An inclined plane is a simple machine that consists of a sloping surface. It is used to reduce the amount of force required to move an object from a lower height to a higher height. Here's how an inclined plane works:
1. Definition of an inclined plane:
- An inclined plane is a flat surface that is tilted at an angle with respect to the horizontal surface.
2. Function of an inclined plane:
- An inclined plane allows objects to be moved up or down with less force by increasing the distance over which the force is exerted.
3. Examples of inclined planes in everyday life:
- Ramps: Ramps are inclined planes that are commonly used to move heavy objects, such as pushing a wheelchair up a ramp or loading a truck.
- Stairs: Stairs are a series of inclined planes that allow us to move between different levels.
4. Advantages of using an inclined plane:
- By increasing the distance over which the force is exerted, an inclined plane reduces the amount of force required to move an object.
- It allows for a more gradual increase in height, making it easier to move objects vertically.
5. Other types of simple machines:
- Levers: A lever is a rigid bar that is used to exert a force at one point to move an object at another point.
- Wedges: A wedge is a triangular-shaped object that is used to split or hold objects together.
- Screws: A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or cone.
In conclusion, a ramp is an example of an inclined plane, which is a simple machine used to reduce the amount of force required to move objects vertically.

What can occur due to the entry of germs through cut skin?

When germs enter the body through a cut in the skin, several complications can arise. Some of the possible consequences include:

• Tetanus: Tetanus is a bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. It can enter the body through a cut or wound and produce a toxin that affects the nervous system. Symptoms of tetanus include muscle stiffness, spasms, and difficulty swallowing. If left untreated, tetanus can be life-threatening.



• Jaundice: Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes. It can be caused by a viral infection, such as hepatitis, which can enter the body through a cut. Hepatitis viruses can lead to liver inflammation and dysfunction, resulting in jaundice.



• Dysentery: Dysentery is an infection of the intestines, often caused by bacteria or parasites. When germs enter the body through a cut and reach the digestive system, they can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.



• Whooping cough: Whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is a highly contagious respiratory infection. It can be caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, which can enter the body through a cut or break in the skin. Symptoms of whooping cough include severe coughing fits, difficulty breathing, and a "whooping" sound during inhalation.

It is important to clean and properly dress any cuts or wounds to minimize the risk of infection. Seeking medical attention and following proper hygiene practices can help prevent these complications.

The ear is a sensory organ that picks up sound waves, allowing us to hear. It is also essential to our sense of balance: the organ of balance (the vestibular system) is found inside the inner ear. It

Animals with scales on their body surfaces:


The correct answer is option D: Pangolin, crocodile, and snake. These animals are known for having scales on their body surfaces. Let's break down each group mentioned in the answer choices:
Group A: Crocodile, snake, and crab:
- Crocodile: Crocodiles have rough, scaly skin, which helps protect them and regulate their body temperature.
- Snake: Snakes have scales all over their bodies, which provide protection and aid in movement.
- Crab: Crabs have an exoskeleton made up of a hard shell, but they do not have scales.
Group B: Crocodile, snail, and snake:
- Crocodile and snake: As mentioned before, crocodiles and snakes both have scales on their body surfaces.
- Snail: Snails have a soft body covered by a hard, spiral-shaped shell. They do not have scales.
Group C: Pangolin, crocodile, and snail:
- Pangolin: Pangolins are unique mammals that have scales covering their body surfaces for protection.
- Crocodile: Crocodiles have scales, as explained earlier.
- Snail: Snails have a shell, but they do not have scales.
Group D: Pangolin, crocodile, and snake:
- Pangolin: Pangolins have scales covering their bodies, which act as a defense mechanism against predators.
- Crocodile and snake: Both crocodiles and snakes have scales on their body surfaces, serving various purposes.
In conclusion, the correct group of animals with scales on their body surfaces is option D: Pangolin, crocodile, and snake.