Olympiad Test : General Science - 2 - Class 5 MCQ

• Scurvy, Rickets, and Osteomalacia are all nutritional deficiency diseases caused by a lack of specific vitamins or minerals (e.g., vitamin C for scurvy, vitamin D for rickets and osteomalacia).
• Malaria, on the other hand, is an infectious disease caused by a parasite transmitted through mosquito bites, not a nutritional deficiency.

Therefore, Malaria is the odd one out.

• The plague is a bacterial infection caused by Yersinia pestis, which is primarily spread by the bite of an infected rat flea. These fleas usually infest rats, and when they bite humans, they transmit the bacteria that cause plague.
• Polio, leprosy, and tuberculosis are not spread by fleas. Polio is a viral infection transmitted through contaminated food or water, leprosy is caused by bacteria transmitted through prolonged close contact, and tuberculosis is a bacterial infection spread through airborne droplets.

Hence, Plague is the correct answer.

• Common cold is caused by several different viruses, primarily rhinoviruses. There is no vaccine available for the common cold because it is caused by a variety of viruses, and they mutate rapidly, making it difficult to develop a single effective vaccine.

• Tetanus, polio, and tuberculosis all have vaccines available:

  • Tetanus: Vaccination is available and is part of the routine immunization schedule.
  • Polio: A highly effective vaccine exists, and efforts have been made worldwide to eradicate polio.
  • Tuberculosis: The BCG vaccine is available and used in many countries to protect against tuberculosis.

Hence, Common cold is the correct answer.

• The BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine is given to protect against tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs.

• Measles: There is a separate measles vaccine.

• Typhoid: There is a typhoid vaccine, which is different from the BCG vaccine.

• Hydrophobia: This refers to rabies, and there is a rabies vaccine to prevent it.

Thus, the BCG vaccine is specifically given to control tuberculosis.

Pneumonia is primarily caused by bacteria, though it can also be caused by viruses or fungi. The most common bacterial causes of pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

• Rats: While rats can carry diseases, they are not the direct cause of pneumonia.
• Mosquitoes: Mosquitoes transmit diseases like malaria and dengue, but not pneumonia.
• Insects: Insects do not typically cause pneumonia.

Thus, the correct answer is C: Bacteria.

This is based on Gay-Lussac's Law, which states that at constant volume, the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvin). When the temperature of a fixed amount of gas decreases, the gas molecules move slower and collide with the walls of the container less forcefully, resulting in a decrease in pressure.

So, as the temperature decreases, the pressure decreases.

Thus, the correct answer is B: Decreases.

This is based on Boyle's Law, which states that for a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume. This means that as the volume of the gas decreases, the gas molecules have less space to move, leading to more frequent collisions with the walls of the container, which increases the pressure.

So, as the volume decreases, the pressure increases.

Thus, the correct answer is A: Increases.

Mist or fog forms when water vapour in the air cools down and condenses into tiny water droplets. When air comes in contact with the cold surface of ice cubes, the water vapour in the air loses heat, and its temperature drops. As the temperature falls, the water vapour condenses into tiny droplets of water, forming mist around the ice cubes.

This process is similar to how condensation occurs on a cold drink in a warm environment.

Thus, the correct answer is B: Water vapour in air condenses when they hit the ice surface.

In a liquid, the particles are close together but not as tightly packed as in solids. They have enough energy to slide past each other, allowing the liquid to flow. This gives liquids a definite volume but no fixed shape, as they take the shape of the container they are in.

In solids, the particles are tightly packed and can only vibrate in place. In gases, the particles are far apart and move freely in all directions.

Thus, the correct answer is B: Liquids.

Plasma is the most common state of matter in the universe. It is a high-energy state where the particles are ionized, meaning electrons are stripped from atoms, creating a mixture of positively charged ions and free electrons. Plasma is found in stars, including our sun, and in other celestial phenomena such as nebulae and lightning on Earth.

While solids, liquids, and gases are common on Earth, plasma dominates the universe due to its presence in stars and other cosmic phenomena.

Thus, the correct answer is D: Plasma.

• Statement A is correct because energy is indeed the ability to do work. It is used to perform tasks, such as moving objects, heating substances, or powering machines. Energy exists in different forms, such as kinetic energy, potential energy, thermal energy, etc.

• Statement B is incorrect because energy is not the rate at which work is done; the rate at which work is done is called power. Power is the amount of work done per unit time.

• Statement C is vague and not entirely clear. While there are different units used for measuring energy, work, and power (such as joules for energy and work, watts for power), the statement itself is not precise or entirely correct.

Thus, the most accurate statement is A.

• A: The capacity for work – This is a standard definition of energy. Energy is the ability or capacity to do work, whether it is mechanical, electrical, thermal, or any other form.

• B: Energy is the ability to make something happen – This definition is also correct. Energy allows actions to take place. For example, energy makes an object move or causes a chemical reaction.

Since both A and B are accurate definitions of energy, the correct answer is C: A and B both.

• Musical instruments produce sound when they vibrate, and traffic on the road generates sound due to the movement of vehicles, honking, and other noises. Both are examples of sound energy.
• Sound energy is a type of mechanical wave that travels through a medium (like air, water, or solids) and is produced by vibrating objects.

Thus, the correct choice is A: Sound energy.

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion. In the case of a river, the movement of water (flowing river) possesses kinetic energy because the water is in motion. This energy can be harnessed, for example, in hydroelectric dams.

Thus, the correct choice is D: Kinetic energy.

• Mechanical energy refers to the energy associated with the motion and position of an object. In the case of a washing machine, the mechanical energy is used to rotate the drum and agitate the clothes, facilitating cleaning through physical motion.

• The other options:

  • Electronic press (A) and tube light (B) involve electrical energy.
  • LPG (C) refers to chemical energy used in combustion.

So, the correct choice is D: Washing machine.

• Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction in which an organism produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself. This process involves a single parent and does not require the fusion of gametes (sperm and egg). Examples of asexual reproduction include binary fission in bacteria and vegetative propagation in plants.

• Sexual reproduction (C) involves the combination of genetic material from two parents, resulting in genetically diverse offspring.

• Gametophyte (B) and Zygote (D) are terms related to the processes of sexual reproduction.

Thus, the correct choice is A: Asexual.

• Seedless plants (such as ferns, mosses, and liverworts) reproduce by forming spores instead of seeds. Spores are reproductive cells that can grow into a new organism without the need for fertilization.
• Fronds (A) are the leaves of ferns and do not play a direct role in reproduction.
• Rhizomes (B) are underground stems of some plants that help in vegetative reproduction, but not in seedless plant reproduction.
• Zygotes (D) are formed through sexual reproduction and are not involved in the reproduction of seedless plants.

Thus, the correct choice is C: Spores.

• Pollination is the process of transferring pollen grains from the male part (anther) of a flower to the female part (stigma) of the same or another flower. This is an essential step for fertilization in plants.
• Fertilization (A) occurs after pollination when the pollen grain meets the ovule, resulting in the formation of a zygote.
• Germination (B) is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant after it has been fertilized.
• Organization (C) is not related to plant reproduction; it refers to the arrangement or structure of something.

Thus, the correct choice is D: Pollination.

• Petal (A): The petals are the colorful parts of the flower that attract pollinators.
• Pistil (B): The pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.
• Stamen (C): The stamen is the male reproductive part of the flower, consisting of the anther and filament.

The stem (D) is not a main part of the flower. It supports the flower and connects it to the plant but is not considered a main reproductive part of the flower.

So, the correct answer is D: Stem.

• A solid has a definite size and shape. The particles in a solid are closely packed together and only vibrate in place, which keeps the shape and size fixed.
• A liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape; it takes the shape of the container it's in.
• A gas has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume; it expands to fill the entire space of its container.
• Plasma is a state of matter where the gas is ionized and consists of free electrons and ions; like gas, it does not have a definite shape or volume.

Thus, the correct answer is A: solid.