Olympiad Test: Coal And Petroleum - 2 - Class 8 MCQ

Type of Coal Used for Household Purposes:

Bituminous coal is commonly used for household purposes. It is a type of coal that falls between sub-bituminous coal and anthracite coal in terms of carbon content and energy output. Below are the reasons why bituminous coal is preferred for household use:

1. Energy Content:
- Bituminous coal has a higher energy content compared to other types of coal, making it suitable for heating and cooking purposes in households.
- It releases a significant amount of heat when burned, providing efficient heating for homes.
2. Availability:
- Bituminous coal is widely available and easily accessible, making it a practical choice for household use.
- It is found in various regions around the world, ensuring a steady supply for domestic consumption.
3. Combustion Properties:
- Bituminous coal has good combustion properties, which means it burns relatively cleanly and efficiently.
- It produces less smoke and fewer emissions compared to lower-quality coals like lignite or sub-bituminous coal.
4. Versatility:
- Bituminous coal can be used in different household appliances, such as stoves, furnaces, and boilers.
- Its high carbon content allows for long-lasting and consistent heat production.
5. Cost-effectiveness:
- Bituminous coal is generally more affordable compared to higher-quality coals like anthracite.
- This makes it a cost-effective choice for households looking for an efficient heating solution.
In summary, bituminous coal is the preferred type of coal for household purposes due to its high energy content, availability, combustion properties, versatility, and cost-effectiveness.

In destructive distillation, coal is heated strongly to produce various products such as coal gas, coal tar, and coke. The temperature at which coal is heated plays a crucial role in determining the composition and quality of the products obtained.
The correct temperature at which coal is heated strongly in destructive distillation is 1000°C.
Explanation:
To understand why coal needs to be heated at such a high temperature, let's break down the process of destructive distillation and its key points:
1. Definition: Destructive distillation is a process in which organic materials, such as coal, are heated strongly in the absence of air to break them down into simpler substances.
2. Purpose: Destructive distillation of coal is carried out to obtain useful by-products like coal gas, coal tar, and coke.
3. Temperature: The heating temperature is a critical factor in determining the yield and quality of the products. In the case of coal, it needs to be heated strongly at around 1000°C to facilitate the decomposition of complex organic compounds present in coal.
4. Decomposition: At this high temperature, the complex organic compounds in coal break down into simpler substances. The volatile components of coal, such as hydrocarbons, are vaporized and collected as coal gas. The remaining solid residue is coke, which is used as a fuel in various industries.
5. Products obtained: The primary products obtained from destructive distillation of coal are:
- Coal gas: A mixture of various gases like methane, ethane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, which can be used as a fuel.
- Coal tar: A thick, black liquid composed of various organic compounds. It is used in the production of chemicals, dyes, and pharmaceuticals.
- Coke: A solid, carbon-rich residue that is used as a fuel in industries like steel production and power generation.
In conclusion, coal is heated strongly at a temperature of about 1000°C in the process of destructive distillation to obtain useful products like coal gas, coal tar, and coke.

- Petroleum and natural gas formation:
- These fossil fuels are primarily formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms.
- Over millions of years, the remains of dead sea animals and plants were buried under layers of sediment.
- Heat and pressure transformed these remains into hydrocarbons, the main components of petroleum and natural gas.

- Reason for option A:
- Dead sea animals, along with tiny marine plants, are the primary sources, making option A the correct choice.

The natural sources of energy are those that are derived from natural resources and can be replenished over time. They include various forms of energy such as fossil fuels, renewable energy sources, and nuclear energy. In this question, we need to identify the option that is not a natural source of energy.

• Coal: Coal is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of plants that lived and died millions of years ago. It is considered a natural source of energy.


• Electricity: Electricity is not a natural source of energy. It is a secondary form of energy that is produced from various primary energy sources such as coal, natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable sources like wind and solar.


• Petroleum: Petroleum, also known as crude oil, is a fossil fuel formed from the remains of marine plants and animals. It is considered a natural source of energy.


• Sun: The sun is a natural source of energy. It provides solar energy, which can be harnessed through solar panels to generate electricity.

Therefore, the correct answer is electricity as it is not a natural source of energy but rather a form of energy that is generated from various natural sources.

The two places in India famous for their oil wells are:
Assam:
- Assam is one of the major oil producing states in India.
- It has several oil fields like Digboi, Naharkatiya, Moran, Duliajan, and Sivasagar.
- These oil fields have been in operation for many decades and have contributed significantly to India's oil production.
Maharashtra:
- Maharashtra is another state in India that is known for its oil wells.
- The Mumbai High oil field, located off the coast of Mumbai, is one of the largest and most productive oil fields in India.
- Other oil fields in Maharashtra include the Bassein field and the Uran field.
- These oil fields have been instrumental in meeting the energy demands of the state and the country.
Conclusion:
Assam and Maharashtra are the two places in India that are famous for their oil wells. These oil fields have played a crucial role in meeting India's energy requirements and have contributed significantly to the country's oil production.

Fuels obtained from nature are called natural fuels.
Natural fuels are substances that are formed from organic matter over millions of years through natural processes. They are derived from renewable or non-renewable sources found in nature. Examples of natural fuels include fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas, as well as biomass, which includes wood, agricultural waste, and animal waste.
Here is a detailed explanation of the options given:
A. Primary fuels: This term refers to the main energy sources that can be directly used, including both natural and synthetic fuels. It is a broader term that encompasses both natural and human-made fuels.
B. Natural fuels: This is the correct answer. Natural fuels are obtained from nature and include fossil fuels and biomass.
C. Exhaustible fuels: This term refers to fuels that are finite in quantity and can be depleted over time. Fossil fuels are considered exhaustible as they take millions of years to form and are being consumed much faster than they are being replenished.
D. Inexhaustible fuels: This term refers to fuels that are considered unlimited in quantity and can be replenished continuously. Examples include solar energy, wind energy, and hydroelectric power.
In conclusion, the correct answer is B. Natural fuels are obtained from nature and include fossil fuels and biomass.

The composition of natural gas:
- Natural gas is primarily composed of methane, which is the main component. It typically makes up around 70-90% of the gas.
- Other components that can be found in natural gas include:
- Ethane: Ethane is another important component of natural gas, although it is generally present in smaller quantities compared to methane. It can make up around 0-20% of the gas.
- Propane and Butane: These hydrocarbons are usually present in trace amounts in natural gas.
- Carbon dioxide: Natural gas can contain small amounts of carbon dioxide, typically less than 5%.
- Nitrogen: Nitrogen is also a minor component of natural gas, usually present in amounts less than 5%.
- Trace amounts of other gases such as hydrogen, helium, and sulfur compounds may also be found in natural gas, but their concentrations are typically very low.

In summary:
- Natural gas mainly contains methane as the primary component, with ethane, propane, butane, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and trace amounts of other gases present in smaller quantities.

To determine the percentage of carbon in bituminous coal, we can refer to the given options and compare them to the known composition of bituminous coal.
Bituminous coal is a type of coal that is intermediate in rank between sub-bituminous coal and anthracite coal. It is known for its relatively high carbon content and energy density.
Given options:
A: 92
B: 65
C: 38
D: 75
Comparing the options to the characteristics of bituminous coal, we can conclude that:
1. Sub-bituminous and lignite coals have lower carbon content, typically ranging from 25-35%.
2. Anthracite coal has a higher carbon content, typically ranging from 92-98%.
Therefore, the most suitable option for the percentage of carbon in bituminous coal is option D: 75%.
Final Answer: D: 75

Explanation:
Fossil fuels:
- Fossil fuels are hydrocarbon-based energy sources that are formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
- They are non-renewable resources and include coal, oil, and natural gas.
A: CNG (Compressed Natural Gas)
- CNG is a fossil fuel.
- It is a natural gas composed mostly of methane (CH4).
- It is extracted from underground sources and compressed for use as a fuel.
B: LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
- LPG is a fossil fuel.
- It is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane and butane.
- It is derived from natural gas processing and petroleum refining.
C: Petrol (Gasoline)
- Petrol is a fossil fuel.
- It is a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds derived from crude oil.
- It is commonly used as a fuel for internal combustion engines.
D: Hydrogen
- Hydrogen is not a fossil fuel.
- It is the lightest element and is primarily found in combination with other elements, such as in water (H2O).
- While hydrogen can be produced from fossil fuels through processes like steam methane reforming, it can also be produced from renewable sources through electrolysis of water.
Conclusion:
- The correct answer is D: Hydrogen as it is not a fossil fuel.

Fractional Distillation of Petroleum

The process of fractional distillation is used to separate the different components of petroleum based on their boiling points. Here's a detailed explanation of the process:

Step 1: Heating

• The crude oil is heated in a furnace to around 400°C.

Step 2: Vaporization

• As the crude oil is heated, it vaporizes and rises up the fractionating column.


• The column is divided into multiple trays or plates.


• Each tray has a different temperature gradient, with the bottom being the hottest and the top being the coolest.

Step 3: Separation

• As the vapor rises through the column, the different components condense at different temperatures.


• The components with lower boiling points, such as gases and volatile liquids, condense at the top of the column.


• The components with higher boiling points, such as heavy oils and waxes, condense at the bottom of the column.


• The intermediate components condense at different trays along the column.

Step 4: Collection

• The condensed components are collected at different trays and are then further processed to obtain specific products.


• Gases like propane and butane are collected at the top of the column.


• Gasoline and kerosene are collected at intermediate trays.


• Heavy oils and waxes are collected at the bottom of the column.

In conclusion, fractional distillation of petroleum is typically done at a temperature of around 400°C (option B).

Answer:
The product obtained by destructive distillation of coal is Coal gas. Here is a detailed explanation:
What is destructive distillation of coal?
Destructive distillation of coal is a process where coal is heated in the absence of air to produce various by-products. It involves breaking down the complex organic compounds present in coal into simpler molecules.
Products obtained from destructive distillation of coal:
Several products can be obtained through destructive distillation of coal, including:
1. Coal gas: This is the main product obtained and is a flammable gas mixture consisting primarily of methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO).
2. Tar: A thick, black liquid composed of various organic compounds. It has several industrial applications.
3. Ammonia: A compound containing nitrogen, which is used in fertilizers, cleaning products, and various chemical processes.
4. Coal tar pitch: A black, viscous material used in the production of electrodes, roofing materials, and other industrial applications.
5. Light oils: These include various hydrocarbon compounds that can be further processed into fuels or used in other industries.
6. Coke: A solid residue left after the destructive distillation of coal. It is primarily used as a fuel in the iron and steel industry.
Conclusion:
The product obtained by destructive distillation of coal is coal gas. It is a flammable gas mixture consisting mainly of methane and carbon monoxide.

Answer:
Introduction:
During the destructive distillation of coal, ammonical liquor is collected. This process involves heating coal to high temperatures in the absence of air, resulting in the production of various by-products.
Explanation:
The correct answer to the given question is option D, which states that ammonical liquor is collected in a test tube with water. Here is a detailed explanation:
1. Ammonical Liquor:
- Ammonical liquor is a by-product of the destructive distillation of coal.
- It is a solution containing ammonia and various other compounds.
2. Destructive Distillation of Coal:
- The destructive distillation of coal involves heating coal in the absence of air.
- This process breaks down the complex carbon compounds in coal into simpler compounds.
3. Collection of Ammonical Liquor:
- During the destructive distillation of coal, ammonical liquor is collected as a product.
- It is collected in a test tube with water.
- The test tube with water acts as a condenser, allowing the ammonical liquor vapor to condense and collect as a liquid.
4. Test Tube with Water:
- The test tube with water is used as a condenser in this process.
- The water in the test tube helps in cooling down the vapor and condensing it into a liquid.
- The condensation process allows the ammonical liquor to collect in the test tube.
Summary:
During the destructive distillation of coal, ammonical liquor is collected in a test tube with water. The test tube acts as a condenser, allowing the vapor to condense and collect as a liquid.

Process of Separating a Mixture of Two or More Liquids:
Fractional Distillation:
- Fractional distillation is the process of separating a mixture of two or more liquids with different boiling points.
- It involves collecting the vapors of the liquids at controlled temperatures.
- The mixture is heated in a fractional distillation apparatus, which consists of a fractionating column and a condenser.
- The fractionating column is packed with materials such as glass beads or metal wire to provide a large surface area for vaporization and condensation.
- The mixture is heated, and the component with the lower boiling point vaporizes first.
- The vapors rise through the fractionating column, where they condense on the packing material and then vaporize again.
- This process of vaporization and condensation occurs multiple times, allowing for the separation of different components based on their boiling points.
- The vapors of the different components are collected and condensed separately.
- The collected liquids can then be further purified or used for various purposes.
Other Options:
- Refining: Refining is a process used to purify substances, but it is not specifically used for separating a mixture of liquids based on their boiling points.
- Destructive Distillation: Destructive distillation is a process that involves heating a substance in the absence of air to produce useful products. It is not related to the separation of liquids based on their boiling points.
Therefore, the correct answer is fractional distillation.

The residue left behind when destructive distillation of coal is carried out is coke.
Explanation:
- Destructive distillation of coal is a process in which coal is heated in the absence of air to produce various byproducts.
- The process involves heating coal to high temperatures, typically around 1,000 to 1,300 degrees Celsius.
- During this process, the volatile components of coal vaporize and are collected, leaving behind solid residue.
- The solid residue left behind after destructive distillation is called coke.
- Coke is a porous, carbon-rich substance that is used as a fuel and in industrial processes such as iron and steel production.
- It is produced by driving off volatile components such as water, coal gas, and coal tar, leaving behind a solid carbonaceous material.
- The coke produced from destructive distillation of coal has a high carbon content and is an important raw material in the production of steel and other metals.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B: coke.