Test: The Rise Of Nationalism In Europe - 3 - Class 10 MCQ

3

Balkans

Explanation: The Balkan region became part of the conflict because of the Ottoman Empire occupation in the region, where the idea of nationalism was rising. The Balkans region comprised of ethnic groups included Greeks, Macedonians, Albanians, Bulgarians, Romanians, Serbs, and Montenegrins

a) The term liberalism comes from the Latin root liber which meant to be free.

In the political sense, liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. It emphasised on the end of aristocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through parliament and the inviolability of private property, drawing its basic foundation from the French Revolution.

b) In 1834, a customs union or Zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia. It was joined by most of the German States. The aim of Zollverein was to bind the Germans economically into a nation. It helped to awaken and raise national sentiment in German people through a fusion of individual and provincial interests.

Junkers was a common word to denote all the landed nobility who owned great estates. These estates were owned by small peasants who had few rights.

They realized that modernization could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy.
A modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies in Europe.

Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria- collectively defeated the Napoleon in 1815. Their representatives met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. They drew up the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. Its main objective was undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars. Now, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Conservatives believed that traditional institutions of state and society like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family should be preserved.

Under this treaty, Greece recognized as an independent nation. The Treaty of Constantinople was part of the Constantinople Conference which began in 1832. The participation of this conference included France, Britain, and Russia (Great powers) and on the other side the Ottoman Empire.

 In 1796, the French Army of Italy under Napoleon invaded Italy with the aims of forcing the First Coalition to abandon Sardinia and forcing Austria to withdraw from Italy. Within only two weeks, Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia was forced to sign an armistice.

Napoleon was a good administrator and a dictator whose proficiency led to the smooth functioning of the administrative system. He introduced the Napoleonic code of 1804 which was considered as a main step in enforcing the rule of law.

1. The old royal and feudal laws which were very conflicting and confusing were reformed.

2. The Napoleonic code was transmitted to all the regions which were under the control of the French.

The United Kingdom of Britain was formed when Scotland and England made a treaty in 1707 to incorporate Scotland into England. However, this treaty imposed English language and English culture on Scotland. It was the start of the formation of United Kingdom. It is also known as the Act of Union of 1707.

Greece is the cradle of European civilisation. It gave birth to almost every aspect of our culture, from theatre and democracy to the Olympics and philosophy.

If "France sneezes, rest of Europe catches cold" was said by Metternich, the Austrian Chancellor.

He opined that the political developments in France were stimulative to other countries of Europe like the French Revolution and the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity.

Four Countries were responsible for Napoleon's Defeat:

► B= Britain
► R= Russia
► A= Austria
► P= Prussia

Climate did not play a role in the development of national sentiments.

As a female figure with a torch of enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of Rights of Man on the other hand.

Romanticism was an artistic, intellectual and cultural movement that ran from the late eighteenth century through the nineteenth century.

Romanticism can be seen as a rejection of the precepts of order, calm, harmony, balance, idealization, and rationality that typified Classicism in general and late 18th-century.