NTSE Level Test: Development - Grade 10 MCQ

Infant Mortality Rate - The ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 per year.

The assertion is not entirely accurate. While India does have a significant portion of its population in low-income brackets, it is not universally considered a low-income country. The Reason, stating that its per capita income is less than US $1840 per annum, is also not entirely accurate.

India is classified as a lower-middle-income country by the World Bank based on its Gross National Income (GNI) per capita. The current threshold for a lower-middle-income country is a GNI per capita between $1,046 and $4,095. Therefore, India's per capita income being less than US $1840 per annum does not automatically categorize it as a low-income country.

So, the correct option would be:

1. A is wrong but R is correct.

The correct answer is B: More developed.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed solution to explain why countries with higher income are more developed than others with less income:
1. Definition of income: Income refers to the money earned by individuals, businesses, or countries through various sources such as wages, salaries, investments, and trade.
2. Indicator of development: Income is often used as an important indicator of a country's development. Higher income levels generally indicate a higher standard of living and overall development.
3. Economic factors: Higher income countries typically have a stronger and more diverse economy. They have established industries, advanced technology, and infrastructure, which contribute to their economic growth and development.
4. Education and healthcare: Countries with higher incomes generally have better access to quality education and healthcare systems. This leads to a more educated and healthier population, which is crucial for overall development.
5. Standard of living: Higher income countries can provide their citizens with better living conditions, including access to clean water, housing, transportation, and other basic amenities. This improves the overall quality of life and contributes to development.
6. Investment in infrastructure: Higher income countries have the financial resources to invest in infrastructure development such as roads, bridges, airports, and telecommunications. This facilitates trade, transportation, and communication, further boosting their development.
7. Research and development: Higher income countries often allocate more funds to research and development, leading to innovations and technological advancements. This fosters economic growth, job creation, and overall development.
8. Political stability: Higher income countries tend to have more stable political systems, sound governance, and effective institutions. This creates a conducive environment for economic growth and development.
In conclusion, countries with higher income levels are generally more developed than those with lower income levels. Higher income enables these countries to invest in infrastructure, education, healthcare, and research, which ultimately contribute to their overall development and higher standard of living.

The correct option is Option C.

India's per capita income (nominal) was $1670 per year in 2016, ranked at 112th out of 164 countries by the World Bank, while its per capita income on purchasing power parity (PPP) basis was US$5,350, and ranked 106th

A community also needs public facilities for education and training, affordable healthcare, and provisions for adequate food and nutrition for development. Body mass index is an interesting way to find your health status. Countries with lower per capita income than India have comparable or higher developmental performance on other criteria. 

Per capita income is calculated by dividing the total income of a country to the total population of that particular country. It shows the standard of living of the citizens of that particular country. A country with higher per capita income is more developed than others with less per capita income. But countries of the Middle East not called ‘developed’ in spite of high per capita income. The reasons are listed below:

1. Middle Eastern countries have become rich only with the resources available and they have high per capita income due to the oil production. So, they have only one major source of income.

2. Although these countries have very high per capita income, there is an unequal distribution of wealth. The gap between the rich and the poor is very high in these countries.

3. These countries are not considered developed because they lack other basic facilities such as health care and education. Without these basic facilities people of a country cannot contribute much to the national income and thus no development takes place.

Per capita income is the total income (National Income) of the country divided by the total number of people in that country.
Per capita income is the main criterion used by the World Bank in classifying different countries.

The regular process without harming the productivity of future generation and satisfy the need of the present generation is known as sustainable economic development.

(i) Property rights must be assigned to individual or groups of people on natural resources.
(ii) Government should impose cost on the users in the form of fee or taxes, e.g., income from tree felling in the forests.
(iii) Efforts should be made to replenish renewable resources such as forests and water resources.
(iv) Stricter regulations must be enforced to ensure pollution under control.
(v) More stress on planing of threes on waste lands.

Literacy rate is called as the "proportion of literate population" in the age group of '7 years' and above.
Literacy rate can be defined as a portion of people in a certain area who are able to "read" and "write". India's literacy rate is less than 84% of the total literacy rate of the world.

There is a difference between 'male and female' in the case of 'literacy' in India, where the 'literacy rate' of men is '82.14' whereas in 'women' it is only '65.46' percent.

Average income is calculated by dividing the total sum of income by the total population of the country. It is used to make a comparative analysis of the position of the country since the total income can never be an indicator of the economic health of the country and its people.
 But it comes with its own limitations which are as follows: 
It does not provide us with information regarding non-economic goods and services. 
Also, the average income does not reflect the true picture of the income distribution. 

Money cannot buy all the goods and services that a person may need to live well. Income by itself is not a completely adequate indicator of material goods and services that citizens are able to use. For example, normally, money cannot buy a pollution-free environment or ensure that a person gets unadulterated medicines, unless a person can afford to shift to a community that already has all these things. Money may also not be able to protect individual from infections, disease, unless the whole of our community takes preventive steps.

The Net Attendance Ratio is calculated for children in the age group of 6 to 10 years. This ratio represents the percentage of students within this age group who are attending school. It is an indicator of the enrollment of children in primary education, helping to assess the reach and effectiveness of educational facilities for younger children in the country.

To determine whether the per capita income of Kerala is higher than that of Bihar, Punjab, and Gujarat, we need to compare the per capita income of these states.
Per Capita Income:
- Per capita income is a measure of the average income earned per person in a specific region or country.
- It is calculated by dividing the total income of the region by its population.
Comparison:
1. Kerala vs Bihar:
- The per capita income of Kerala is higher than that of Bihar.
- Kerala has a higher level of economic development and a better standard of living compared to Bihar.
2. Kerala vs Punjab:
- There is no information provided about the per capita income of Punjab.
- Hence, we cannot conclude whether the per capita income of Kerala is higher than that of Punjab.
3. Kerala vs Gujarat:
- There is no information provided about the per capita income of Gujarat.
- Hence, we cannot conclude whether the per capita income of Kerala is higher than that of Gujarat.
Conclusion:
Based on the given information, we can conclude that the per capita income of Kerala is higher than that of Bihar. However, we do not have enough information to compare it with Punjab or Gujarat. Therefore, the correct answer is option A: Bihar.

Body Mass Index (BMI) is a person’s weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters. A high BMI can be an indicator of high body fatness. BMI can be used to screen for weight categories that may lead to health problems but it is not diagnostic of the body fatness or health of an individual.