Test: Democratic Rights- 1 - Class 9 MCQ

The U.S. government has detained individuals at Guantanamo Bay for several reasons:

1. 9/11 Links: Suspected ties to the 2001 attacks and terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda.
2. National Security: Belief that detainees posed threats or held critical intelligence.
3. Legal Loopholes: Located outside U.S. jurisdiction, Guantanamo enabled detentions without constitutional protections or due process.
4. Intelligence Gathering: Use of enhanced interrogation to extract information, sparking allegations of torture.
5. International Law Issues: Criticism over compliance with Geneva Conventions and indefinite detention.

Guantanamo Bay remains controversial, with ongoing debates about its legality, human rights, and calls for closure.

Topic in NCERT: Prison in Guantanamo Bay

Line in NCERT: "The American government said that they were enemies of the US and linked to the attack on New York on 11 September 2001."

Definition of Rights:
- A: This statement is incorrect as rights are not duties, but rather entitlements or freedoms.
- B: This statement is incorrect as rights are not merely privileges, but fundamental entitlements.
- C: This statement is the real definition of rights as it accurately describes rights as claims individuals have on others, society, and the government.
- D: This statement is partially correct as rights do empower citizens to check the misuse of power by the government, but it does not encompass the entirety of the definition.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: Rights are the claims of a person on other fellow beings, over the society and over the government. This definition highlights the inherent nature of rights as entitlements that individuals possess and can assert against others, society, and the government to protect their interests and freedoms.

Topic in NCERT: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS

Line in NCERT: "Rights are claims of a person over other fellow beings, over the society and over the government."

Amnesty International is a non-governmental organization that works globally to promote and protect human rights. It is made up of volunteers from around the world who dedicate their time and efforts to advocating for justice, freedom, and equality. Some key points about Amnesty International include:

Amnesty International was founded in London in 1961.The organization operates in over 150 countries and territories. The volunteers of Amnesty International conduct research, lobby governments, raise awareness, and take action to prevent and stop human rights abuses. They focus on a wide range of issues including freedom of expression, women's rights, refugee and migrant rights, abolition of the death penalty, and ending torture and other forms of ill-treatment. Amnesty International has been instrumental in exposing human rights violations and advocating for justice in various cases around the world.The organization relies on public support and donations to carry out its work.

Topic in NCERT: AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL

Line in NCERT: "Amnesty International: An international organisation of volunteers who campaign for human rights."

Amnesty International is an International Human Rights Organisation that works to protect and promote human rights around the world. Here is a detailed explanation of what Amnesty International is:

1. Mission: Researching, raising awareness, and taking action against human rights violations.
2. Focus Areas: Freedom of expression, abolition of the death penalty, women's rights, refugee protection, and LGBTI rights.
3. Methods: Conducting research, advocacy, campaigns, and urgent actions to mobilize public and political pressure.
4. Independence: Operates impartially, free from government, political, or religious influence, relying on individual donations.

Amnesty International is a vital force in defending human rights globally.

Topic in NCERT: Amnesty International

Line in NCERT: "Amnesty International: An international organisation of volunteers who campaign for human rights. This organisation brings out independent reports on the violation of human rights all over the world."

The International Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), adopted by the UN in 1966, guarantees rights including:

1. Right to Work: Fair wages, safe conditions, and freely chosen employment.
2. Right to Social Security: Protection against unemployment, sickness, and old age.
3. Right to Health: Access to healthcare and the highest standard of physical/mental health.
4. Right to Education: Free primary education and access to higher education based on ability.
5. Cultural Participation: Enjoy cultural activities and benefit from scientific progress.
6. Adequate Living Standards: Access to food, housing, water, and social protection.
7. Scientific Benefits: Access to scientific progress and its applications.

Topic in NCERT: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

Line in NCERT: "These include: right to work: opportunity to everyone to earn livelihood by working; right to safe and healthy working conditions, fair wages that can provide decent standard of living for the workers and their families; right to social security and insurance."

Explanation of a Dalit:
- Dalit: The term "Dalit" refers to individuals who belong to the castes that were historically considered low and untouchable in the Indian social hierarchy. It is a self-chosen political and social term utilized by individuals who have faced caste-based discrimination.
- Option A: Incorrect. A Dalit is not defined by whether they are liked or disliked by others. It is solely based on their caste identity and the historical discrimination they have faced.
- Option B: Incorrect. A Dalit is not someone who belongs to a political party called "dal." The term "Dalit" has no connection to any political party.
- Option C: Correct. A Dalit is a person who belongs to castes that were considered low and untouchable by others in the Indian social hierarchy.
- Option D: Incorrect. While Dalits can belong to religions other than Hinduism, the term "Dalit" itself is not defined by a person's religious identity.
In conclusion, option C accurately explains the meaning of a Dalit as a person who belongs to castes that were historically considered low and untouchable by others.

Topic in NCERT: GLOSSARY

Line in NCERT: "Dalit: A person who belongs to the castes which were considered low and not touchable by others."

Answer:
The body that exposed the violations of US laws in the torture of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay was Amnesty International. Here is a detailed explanation:
Amnesty International:
- Amnesty International is a global organization that advocates for human rights and works to expose and prevent human rights abuses around the world.
- They have conducted extensive research and investigations into the treatment of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay.
- Through their reports and publications, Amnesty International has highlighted the torture and mistreatment of detainees at the facility, including practices that violate US laws and international human rights standards.
- They have documented cases of physical and psychological abuse, including prolonged isolation, sensory deprivation, sleep deprivation, and the use of harsh interrogation techniques.
- Amnesty International has called for the closure of Guantanamo Bay and the prosecution of those responsible for the torture and ill-treatment of prisoners.
In conclusion, Amnesty International has played a crucial role in exposing the violations of US laws in the torture of prisoners at Guantanamo Bay.

Topic in NCERT: Prison in Guantanamo Bay

Line in NCERT: "Amnesty International, an international human rights organisation, collected information on the condition of the prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and reported that the prisoners were being tortured in ways that violated the US laws."

The correct answer is D

The Indian Constitution does not explicitly recognise the 'right to work' as a fundamental right. It is placed in Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) of the Constitution under Article 41, which hence makes it unenforceable in the court of law.
 

Topic in NCERT: DEMOCRATIC RIGHTS

Line in NCERT: "Rights are claims of a person over other fellow beings, over the society and over the government."

Amnesty International reported that the treatment of prisoners in Guantanamo Bay violated US laws, including the Eighth Amendment (prohibiting cruel and unusual punishment) and the Fifth Amendment (ensuring due process). Their findings highlighted human rights abuses, undermining the US's credibility and international reputation. The report emphasized the need for transparency, accountability, and adherence to human rights standards.

Topic in NCERT: Prison in Guantanamo Bay

Line in NCERT: "Amnesty International, an international human rights organisation, collected information on the condition of the prisoners in Guantanamo Bay and reported that the prisoners were being tortured in ways that violated the US laws."

Women's Restrictions in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is a country where women face numerous public restrictions. Here are the details:
1. Dress Code: Women are required to wear an abaya, a loose-fitting black cloak that covers their entire body, in public.
2. Gender Segregation: There is strict gender segregation in public spaces, including separate entrances, seating areas, and even transportation.
3. Driving Restrictions: Until recently, women were not allowed to drive in Saudi Arabia. However, this restriction has been lifted in recent years.
4. Guardianship System: Under the guardianship system, women require permission from a male guardian (father, husband, brother, or son) for various activities like traveling, getting married, or accessing healthcare.
5. Employment Restrictions: Women face limitations in certain job sectors and are often required to have permission from a male guardian to work.
6. Public Interaction:Women are expected to maintain modesty and avoid unnecessary interaction with unrelated men in public.
Topic in NCERT: Reports regarding unequal treatment of women.
Line in NCERT: "Women are subjected to many public restrictions."