Test: Basic Concept - 1 - Mechanical Engineering

Thermodynamic cycle can be defined as a series of state changes such that the final and initial state is identical.

An isolated system is one in which there is no interaction of system with the surrounding, for isolated system
δQ = 0 
δW= 0 
The first law gives
δQ = dU + δW
dU = 0
U = constant
The energy of isolated system is constant.

The properties which are mass independent are intensive properties and those which are mass dependent are extensive properties.
Volume depends upon the amount of matter present in the system. Hence, it is an extensive property.

Since heat transfer is the path function hence it is not the property of the system.

Open system: Both mass and energy transfer takes place
Closed system: No mass transfer, energy transfer may takes place
Isolated system: Neither energy nor mass transfer takes place.

A system said to be in thermodynamic equilibrium with surrounding if:

It is in thermal, chemical as well as mechanical equilibrium with the surrounding.

And when system is in thermodynamic equilibrium there won't be any spontaneous change.