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Test: Genetics - 1 - Class 10 MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Genetics - 1

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Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 1

Considering tallness and dwarfness, tallness is more wide spread among pea plants because :-

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 1

Explanation:

  • The primary reason tallness is more common in pea plants is that tallness is dominant over dwarfness.
  • This means that if a pea plant inherits the dwarf allele from one parent, it can still show the tall appearance if it inherits the tall allele from the other parent.
Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 2

Genotype means :-

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 2

Genotype refers to the genetic composition of an individual. It is the specific set of genes that an organism carries, which influences its traits.

The key points about genotype are:

  • The genotype is made up of the DNA sequences that determine specific characteristics.
  • It includes all the nucleic acids that code for traits, such as height or flower colour.
  • The genotype directly affects the phenotype, which is the observable expression of these traits.

In summary, understanding the genotype is crucial for studying how traits are inherited and expressed in living organisms.

Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 3

If a heterozygous tall palnt is crossed with a homozygous dwarf palnt, the proportion of dwarf progeny will:-

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 3

To determine the proportion of dwarf progeny, we analyse the cross between a heterozygous tall plant (Tt) and a homozygous dwarf plant (tt).

Genotypes:

  • Tall plant: Tt
  • Dwarf plant: tt

When these plants are crossed, the possible genotypes of the progeny are:

  • Tt (tall)
  • Tt (tall)
  • tt (dwarf)
  • tt (dwarf)

From these genotypes, we see that:

  • 2 out of 4 possible genotypes (50%) will be tall.
  • 2 out of 4 possible genotypes (50%) will be dwarf.

Therefore, the proportion of dwarf progeny is 50%.

Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 4

A section of DNA that provides information for one protein is called:

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 4

- A section of DNA that provides information for one protein is called a gene.

- A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that encodes the synthesis of a protein.

- Each gene contains the necessary instructions to build a specific protein, which plays a role in various cellular functions.

- Proteins are essential for numerous biological processes, including enzyme function, cellular structure, and signal transmission.

Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 5

What are the separate, independent pieces of DNA in a gene set called?

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 5

- The correct answer is B: Chromosomes.

- Chromosomes are structures within cells that contain a person's genes.

- Each chromosome is a long DNA molecule that carries part or all of an organism's genetic material.

- They are separate, independent pieces of DNA, distinct from one another.

- Genes are segments of DNA located on chromosomes.

- Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of DNA and RNA.

- Ribosomes are cellular structures that synthesise proteins and are not related to DNA structure.

Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 6

Which chromosomes determine the sex of a human?

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 6

- Human sex is determined by the presence of sex chromosomes.

- Females typically have two X chromosomes (XX).

- Males possess one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

- The father contributes either an X or a Y chromosome, which determines the child's sex.

- The mother always contributes an X chromosome.

Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 7

hat determines whether a human child will be male or female?

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 7

- The sex of a human child is determined by the sex chromosomes inherited from the parents.

- Humans have two types of sex chromosomes: X and Y.

- The mother always contributes an X chromosome, as females have two X chromosomes (XX).

- The father contributes either an X or a Y chromosome, as males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY).

- If the child inherits an X chromosome from the father, the child will be female (XX).

- If the child inherits a Y chromosome from the father, the child will be male (XY).

Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 8

Which of the following contributed to the success of Mendel :-

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 8

Contributions to the success of Mendel:

  • Knowledge of biology:

    - Mendel's background in biology helped him grasp the principles of inheritance and genetics.

    - His understanding of plant reproduction enabled him to conduct experiments and make precise observations.

  • Qualitative analysis of data:

    - He carefully collected and examined data from his experiments.

    - By focusing on qualitative traits, like flower colour or seed texture, he identified clear patterns of inheritance.

  • Observation of distinct inherited traits:

    - Mendel studied traits that were easily distinguishable, such as tall vs. short plants.

    - This selection allowed him to track inheritance patterns and make accurate predictions.

  • Consideration of one character at a time:

    - Mendel concentrated on one trait per experiment, such as flower colour.

    - This approach helped him establish clear inheritance patterns without confusion.

Mendel's success stemmed from his biology knowledge, qualitative data analysis, distinct trait observations, and focusing on one character at a time. These factors were crucial in his groundbreaking discoveries in genetics.

Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 9

The reason why pea plants were suitable than dogs for Mendel's experiments :-

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 9

Reasons why pea plants were more suitable than dogs for Mendel's experiments:

  • Pea plants can be self-fertilized:
    • Pea plants possess both male and female reproductive organs, enabling self-fertilisation.
    • This feature allowed Mendel to control breeding and ensure the traits he studied were passed on.
  • Dogs have many genetic traits:
    • Dogs display a wide variety of genetic traits, complicating the isolation of specific traits.
    • Mendel required a species with clear and contrasting traits, which pea plants provided.
  • There are no pedigree records of dogs:
    • During Mendel's time, pedigree records for dogs were unavailable.
    • Pea plants were easier to track and study due to their simple genetic structure.
  • The pea plants favour cross-fertilisation:
    • Pea plants naturally undergo cross-fertilisation, transferring pollen between plants.
    • This allowed Mendel to intentionally cross-pollinate plants with different traits, revealing predictable inheritance patterns.

Mendel chose pea plants for their ability to self-fertilise, distinct traits, available records, and natural cross-fertilisation, making them ideal for his studies on inheritance.

Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 10

Mendel chose pea plants because they :-

Detailed Solution for Test: Genetics - 1 - Question 10

Reasons why Mendel chose pea plants:

  • Contrasting characters: Pea plants have distinct traits that are easy to observe. Mendel selected plants with clear differences, such as tall vs. short height and yellow vs. green seeds, allowing him to track inheritance patterns effectively.

  • Ease of cultivation: Pea plants are simple to grow and maintain. They have a short life cycle, enabling Mendel to observe multiple generations quickly. Their ability to self-fertilise ensured the purity of the traits studied.

  • Abundance and availability: Pea plants are widely accessible, allowing Mendel to conduct large-scale experiments and gather sufficient data for analysis.

  • Structural features: Pea plants possess both male and female reproductive organs, facilitating controlled cross-pollination. This feature made it easier for Mendel to manage breeding experiments.

  • Generalizability: Mendel believed the inheritance principles he discovered in pea plants could apply to other organisms, establishing a foundation for understanding genetic laws across species.

Mendel's choice of pea plants was influenced by their contrasting characters, ease of cultivation, availability, structural features, and the potential for broader application of his findings.

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