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Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - UPSC MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement

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Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 1

Consider the following statements. 

1. Nehru suggested that the vested interests be revised in favour of the masses by taking up the economic and class demands of peasants and workers 

2. He opposed to the affiliation of landlords and capitalists with Congress 

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 1
 
  • He suggested that the vested interests be revised favouring the masses by taking up peasants and workers' economic and class demands, landlords and capitalists, and organizing masses in their class organisations-Kisan sabhas and trade unions. 

  • He argued that these class organizations should be allowed to affiliate with the Congress, thus influencing its policies and activities.

Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 2

Consider the following statements. 

1. A strong leftist trend within the Congress, represented Nehru, was critical of both constructive work and council entry in place of the suspended civil disobedience movement 

2. This section favoured resumption and continuation of non-constitutionalist mass struggle 

Which of these statements are not correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 2
 
  • A strong leftist trend within the Congress, represented by Nehru, was critical of both constructive work and council entry in place of the suspended civil disobedience movement. 

  • That would sidetrack political mass action and divert attention from the main issue of the struggle against colonialism. 

  • Instead, this section favoured resumption and continuation of non-constitutionalist mass struggle because the situation was still revolutionary due to continued economic crisis and the masses' readiness to fight.

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Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 3

Consider the following statements 

1. A large number of Congressmen led by Gandhi believed that a mass phase of the movement (struggle phase) had to be followed by a phase of reprieve (truce phase) before the next stage of mass struggle could be taken up 

2. Nehru criticized this strategy 

Which of these statements are not correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 3
  
  • Many Congressmen led by Gandhi believed that a mass phase of the movement (struggle phase) had to be followed by a phase of reprieve (truce phase) before the next stage of mass struggle could be taken up. 

  • Criticizing the S-T-S strategy, Nehru argued that the Indian national movement had reached a stage after the Lahore Congress call for a purna swaraj programme. There should be a continuous confrontation conflict with imperialism till it was overthrown. 

  • He advocated maintaining a "continuous, direct action" policy by the Congress and without the interposition of a constitutionalist phase.

Real power, he said, cannot be won by two annas and four annas. Against an S-T-S strategy, he suggested a Struggle-Victory (S-V) strategy.

Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 4

Consider the following statements. 

1. In 1934, the All-India Congress Committee met at Patna to set up a parliamentary board to fight elections under the Congress's aegis. 

2. A large section of the intelligentsia favoured parliamentary politics with which Gandhi was fundamentally agreed. 

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 4
 
  • Gandhi was aware that he was out of tune with the powerful in Congress. A large section of the intelligentsia favoured parliamentary politics with which he was in fundamental disagreement. 

  • Another section was estranged from the Congress because of Gandhi's emphasis on the spinning wheel as the "second lung of the nation". 

  • The socialists led by Nehru also had differences with Gandhi. In October 1934, Gandhi announced his resignation from the Congress to serve it better in thought, word and deed. 

  • Nehru and the socialists thought that the British must first be expelled before the struggle for socialism could be waged. In an anti-imperialist struggle unity around the Congress, still, the only anti-imperialist mass organization was indispensable.

Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 5

In the Government of India Act of 1935, residuary powers were given to the?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 5
This Act divided powers between the centre and the provinces. There were three lists which gave the subjects under each government. Federal List (Centre) Provincial List (Provinces) Concurrent List (Both) The Viceroy was vested with residual powers.

Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 6

Which among the following statements is/are about the Act of 1935? 

1. In provinces the Governor still had extensive powers 

2. The act provided a rigid constitution with no possibility of internal growth 

3. Right of the amendment was reserved with the British Parliament 

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 6
Evaluation of the Act: 

• Numerous 'safeguards and special responsibilities' of the governor-general worked as brakes in the Act's proper functioning. 

• In provinces, the governor still had extensive powers. 

• The Act enfranchised 14 per cent of the British Indian population. 

The extension of the system of communal electorates and representation of various interests promoted separatist tendencies, culminating in India's partition. 

• The Act provided a rigid constitution with no possibility of internal growth. Right of the amendment was reserved with the British Parliament.

Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 7

Consider the following statements. 

1. The 1935 Act was condemned by nearly all sections and animously rejected by the Congress 

2. The Hindu Mahasabha and the National Liberal Foundation, declared themselves against the working of the 1935 Act in the central as well as at the provincial level 

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 7
 
  • Nearly all sections condemned the 1935 Act and animously rejected by the Congress. 

  • However, the Hindu Mahasabha and the National Liberal Foundation declared themselves in favour of the working of the 1935 Act in the central and provincial level.

Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 8

Consider the following statements. 

1. Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Bose, and Congress socialists and communists were opposed to office acceptance and thereby in the working of the 1935 Act because they argued that it would negate the rejection of the Act by the nationalists 

2. The leftists opposed entry into the councils to create deadlocks, thus making the working of the 1935 Act impossible 

Which of these statements are not correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 8
 The leftists proposed entry into the councils to create deadlocks, thus making the Act impossible.

Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 9

Consider the following statements. 

1. The Congress manifesto reaffirmed total rejection of the 1935 Act 

2. Congress promised release of prisoners, removal of disabilities based on gender and caste, a radical transformation of the agrarian system 

3. Gandhi did not attend a single election 

Which of these statements is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 9
 
  • The Congress manifesto reaffirmed total rejection of the 1935 Act and promised release of prisoners, removal of disabilities based on gender and caste, a radical transformation of the agrarian system, substantial reduction of rent and revenue, scaling down of rural debts, cheap credit and right to form trade unions and to strike. Gandhi did not attend a single election.

Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 10

What could be the long-term British strategy in the Act of 1935? 

1. Provincial autonomy would create powerful provincial leaders who would gradually become autonomous centres of political power 

2. Reforms could be used to create dissensions within Congress 

Which of these statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Debates on the Future Strategy after the Civil Disobedience Movement - Question 10

 

  • Reforms would revive the political standing of constitutionalist liberals and moderates who had lost public support during the Civil Disobedience Movement.

  • Repression earlier and reforms now would convince a large section of Congressmen of an extra-legal struggle's ineffectiveness. 

  • Once Congressmen tasted power; they would be reluctant to go back to politics of sacrifice. 

  • Reforms could be used to create dissensions within Congress-right wing to be placated through constitutional concessions and radical leftists to be crushed through police measures. 

  • Provincial autonomy would create powerful provincial leaders who would gradually become autonomous centres of political power. Congress would thus be provincialized, and the central leadership would get weakened.

 

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