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Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - UPSC MCQ


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10 Questions MCQ Test - Spectrum Test: Development Of Education

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Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 1

Which of the following are correctly matched? 

1. Fort William college - Warren Hastings 

2. Sanskrit college - Jonathan Duncan 

3. Calcutta Madrasah - Wellesley 

Choose from the following options.

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 1
For the first 60 years of its dominion in India, the Company, a trading and profit-making concern to promote education. Some minor exceptions were efforts by individuals- 

• The Calcutta Madrasah was established by Warren Hastings in 1781 for the study of Muslim law and related subjects 

• The Sanskrit College was established by Jonathan Duncan, the resident, at Benaras in 1791 for study of Hindu law and philosophy 

Wellesley set up • Fort William College in 1800 for training of civil servants of the Company in languages and customs of Indians (closed in 1802)

Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 2

Consider the following statements. 

1. The Calcutta Madrasah and the William College were designed to provide a regular supply of qualified Indians to help the administration of law in the Company's court, 

2. The knowledge of classical languages and vernaculars was useful in correspondence with Indian states

Which of these statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 2

Both statements are correct.

Explanation:

1. The Calcutta Madrasah was established in 1781 by Warren Hastings, the Governor-General of India under the British East India Company. Its primary purpose was to train Indians in the knowledge of Islamic law and jurisprudence, so that they could assist the British administration in the Company's courts. Similarly, the William College was established in 1800 by Lord Wellesley to provide education in Indian languages, literature, and law to the British civil servants, so that they could better govern the Indian territories under the Company's rule. Both these institutions were designed to produce a steady stream of qualified Indians who could help in the administration of law in the Company's courts.

2. During the British rule in India, the knowledge of classical languages (like Sanskrit and Persian) and vernaculars (like Hindi, Bengali, and Marathi) was crucial for effective communication and correspondence with the local rulers and the Indian population. These languages were used in legal documents, official records, and treaties with Indian states. Learning these languages enabled the British officials to better understand the Indian culture, customs, and legal systems, and thereby helped them in administering the territories under their control. Hence, the knowledge of classical languages and vernaculars was indeed useful in correspondence with Indian states.

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Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 3

Consider the following statements. 

1. The Charter Act of 1813 incorporated the principle of encouraging learned Indians and promoting knowledge of modern sciences in the country 

2. The Act directed the Company to sanction five lakh rupees annually for this purpose 

3. However, half this amount was made available until 1823, mainly because of the controversy raged on the direction of this expenditure. 

Which of these statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 3
 
  • The Act directed the Company to sanction one lakh rupees annually for this purpose. However, even this petty amount was not made available until 1823, mainly because of the controversy raged on the direction of this expenditure. 

  • Meanwhile, enlightened Indians such as Raja Rammohan Roy bore fruit and a grant were sanctioned for Calcutta College set up in 1817 by educated Bengalis, imparting English education in Western humanities and Science. 

  • The Charter Act of 1813 incorporated the principle of encouraging learned Indians and promoting modern sciences knowledge in the country.

Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 4

He developed a comprehensive scheme of village education through the medium of vernacular languages. In these village schools, useful subjects such as mensuration and agricultural sciences were taught. The purpose was to train personnel for the newly set up Revenue and Public Works Department. He was:

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 4
 James Thomson, lieutenant-governor of NW Provinces (1843- 53), developed a comprehensive village education scheme through the medium of vernacular languages. In these village schools, useful subjects such as mensuration and agriculture sciences were taught. The purpose was to train personnel for the newly set up Revenue and Public Works Department. 

Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 5

Which of the following statements are correct about Wood's despatch? 

1. It recommended English as the medium of instruction at all the levels 

2. It recommended a system of grants in aid to increase Government colleges 

Which of these statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 5
 
  • Wood's Despatch (1854) In 1854, Charles Wood prepared a despatch on India's educational system.

  • Considered the "Magna Carta of English Education in India", this document was the first comprehensive man for India's spread of education. 

1. It asked the government of India to assume responsibility for education of the masses, thus repudiating the downward filtration theory', at least on paper. 

2. It systematized the hierarchy from vernacular primary schools in villages at bottom, followed by AngloVernacular High Schools and an affiliated college at the district level, and affiliating universities in the presidency towns of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. 

3. It recommended English as the medium ofCalcutta'sstruction for higand vernaculars at school level. 

4. It laid stress on female and vocational education, and on teachers' training. 

5. It laid down that the education imparted in government institutions should be secular. 

6. It recommended a system of grants-in-aid to encourage private enterprise.

Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 6

Consider the following statements. 

1. The Bethune School was founded by J.E.D. Bethune 

2. Bethune was the president of The Central Board of Secondary Education 

Which of these statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 6
Bethune was the president of the Council of Education. The Bethune School founded by J.E.D. Bethune at Calcutta (1849)

Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 7

Consider the following statements about the Hunter Education Commission? 

1. It recommended the transfer of control of primary and secondary education to newly set up district and Municipal boards

2. It drew attention to inadequate facilities for female education, but only inside Presidency towns 

Which of these statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 7
The Commission: 

(i) emphasized that state's special care is extension and improvement of primary education and that primary education should be imparted through vernacular. 

(ii) recommended transfer of control of primary education to newly set up district and municipal boards. 

(iii) recommended that secondary (High School) education should have two divisions- 

• literary-leading up to university. 

• vocational—for commercial careers.

(iv) drew attention to inadequate female education facilities, especially outside presidency towns and made recommendations for its spread.

Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 8

Arrange the following chronologically. 

1. Lord Macaulay's minute 

2. Hunter Education Commission 

3. Woods dispatch 

4. Saddler University Commission 

Choose from the following options.

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 8

Here's an explanation of the events in chronological order:

1. Lord Macaulay's Minute (1835): Lord Macaulay was a British politician and historian who played a major role in introducing English education in India. His Minute on Indian Education is a famous document, in which he argued for the promotion of English language and Western education in India, as opposed to the traditional Indian languages and education system.

2. Woods Dispatch (1854): Also known as the Magna Carta of English Education in India, Woods Dispatch was a set of comprehensive proposals prepared by Sir Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the East India Company. It aimed to improve the Indian education system by establishing universities, promoting English education, and encouraging the study of Indian vernacular languages, literature, and arts.

3. Hunter Education Commission (1882): The Hunter Education Commission, led by Sir William Hunter, was appointed by the British government to review the progress of education in India and suggest necessary changes. The commission recommended the expansion of primary and secondary education, as well as the promotion of vocational and technical education to prepare Indians for various professions.

4. Saddler University Commission (1917-1919): Chaired by Dr. Michael E. Saddler, this commission was set up to study and report on the problems of higher education in India. The commission made several important recommendations, such as the establishment of new

Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 9

Consider the following statements about Montague Chelmsford reforms. 

1. Under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms education was shifted to provincial ministries 

2. Government started taking a direct interest in education matters 

3. Philanthropic efforts, to grow the education, stopped 

Which of these statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 9
Under Montagu-Chelmsford reforms, education was shifted to provincial ministries. The government stopped taking a direct interest in educational matters, while government grants, liberally sanctioned since 1902, were now stopped. Financial difficulties prevented any substantial expansion, but still, education grew, especially under philanthropic efforts.

Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 10

Consider the following statements about British policy on education. 

1. Education became a Monopoly of upper and rich classes 

2. There was almost total neglect of women's education 

3. Modern system of Indian learning gradually declined 

Which of these statements are correct?

Detailed Solution for Spectrum Test: Development Of Education - Question 10
Traditional system of Indian learning gradually declined. Since education was to be paid for, it became a monopoly of upper and richer classes and city dwellers. There was almost total neglect of women's education because the Government did not want to arouse the wrath of orthodox sections, and it had no immediate utility for colonial rule.
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