Test: The Advent Of Europeans And Consolidation Of British Power In India - 2 - UPSC MCQ

• The industrial revolution started in England in the early 18th century. With the invention of new machines like the steam engine and the power loom, the industrial revolution helped England to maintain its hegemony. Hence, statement 1st is correct. 

• The Royal Navy of Britain was not only the largest but it was the most advanced of its Times. In India, the British were able to defeat the Portuguese and the French due to the strong and fast movement of the naval ships, the English learn from the Portuguese the importance of an efficient Navy and improve their fleet technologically. Hence, statement 2nd is correct. 

• The world's first Central Bank, the Bank of England, was established to sell government debt to the money market on the promise of a decent return on Britain's defeating Rival companies like France and Spain. So Britain used the Debt market to fund it. Hence, statement 3rd is also correct.

Factors for the decline of the Portuguese in India - 

• The emergence of powerful dynasties in Egypt, Persia, and North India 

• The appearance of Marathas as neighbours 

• Political fears aroused by the activities of Jesuit missionaries 

• Rise of English and Dutch commercial ambitions 

• Rampant corruption, greed, and selfishness in the Portuguese administration 

• diversion of Portuguese colonizing ambitions towards the west due to the discovery of Brazil Their dishonest trade practices also evoked a strong reaction. 

• The Portuguese earned notoriety as sea pirates. 

• Their arrogance and violence brought them the animosity of the rulers of small states and the imperial Mughals as well.

Portuguese Rise and Fall: 

1. 1498: Arrival of Vasco-da-Gama at Calicut and his grand reception by the local king, Zamorin. 

2. 1503: Establishment of the first Portuguese fort at Cochin. 

3. 1505: Establishment of the second Portuguese fort at Cannanore. 

4. 1509: Defeat of the combined fleet of Gujarat, Egypt, and Zamorin by the Portuguese governor Francisco Almeida. 

5. 1510: Alfonso Albuquerque, the Portuguese governor, captures Goa from Bijapur. 

6. 1530: Declaration of Goa as the Portuguese capital. 

7. 1535: Subjugation of Diu. 

8. 1559: The Portuguese capture Daman. 

9. 1596: Ouster of the Portuguese by the Dutch from Southeast Asia 

10. 1612: Loss of Surat to the English. 

11. 1663: The Dutch win all Portuguese forts on the Malabar coast to oust the Portuguese from India.

• The analysis of the first two Carnatic wars proves the diplomacy of Dupleix as a leader who visualized the path of the European conquest of India. Dupleix used the Nawab of Carnatic to forbid the English from waging war in the territories so that French settlements at Pondicherry could be protected till the French forces acquired enough strength. Hence, statement 1st is correct.

• Dupleix was the first European to interfere in the internal politics of Indian rulers. He supported Muzaffar Jung for Hyderabad and Chanda Sahib for Carnatic. Hence, the 2nd statement is incorrect.

• Dupleix was recalled in 1754 due to the initial defeat of the French army in the Second Carnatic War. The heavy cost incurred by the company due to Dupleix political decisions was the main factor behind this. Many historians have called the recall of dupleix by the directors a blunder. Hence, the 3rd statement is correct.

• The Treaty of Peace of Paris restored to the French their factories in India. Hence, statement 1st is correct. 

• English became the supreme European power in the Indian subcontinent since the Dutch had already been defeated in the battle of Bidara in 1759. Hence, statement 2nd is incorrect. 

• The decisive Battle of the third Carnatic War was won by the English in Wandiwash in Tamilnadu. Hence, statement 3rd is correct. 

Their important farmans were: 

1. In Bengal, the Company's imports and exports were exempted from additional customs duties expecting the annual payment of 3,000 rupees as settled earlier. 

2. The Company was permitted to issue dastaks (passes) for the transportation of such goods. The Company was permitted to rent more lands around Calcutta. 

3. In Hyderabad, the Company retained its existing privilege of freedom from duties in trade and had to pay the prevailing rent only for Madras. 

4. In Surat, for an annual payment of 10,000 rupees, the East India Company was exempted from the levy of all duties. 

5. It was decreed that the coins of the Company minted at Bombay were to have currency throughout the Mughal empire.

• Nino da Cunha assumed the office of the governor of Portuguese interests in India in November 1529 and almost one year later shifted the headquarters of the Portuguese government in India from Cochin to Goa. 

• Da Cunha also attempted to increase Portuguese influence in Bengal by settling many Portuguese nationals there with Hooghly as their headquarters.

All are the causes of French Failure. Causes of the French Failure:

• Inadequate Military and Financial Support 

• France's Involvement in Europe

• I managed Policy of Imperial France

• Lack of Commercial Incentive to the French Company 

• Sound Commercial Base of the English Company

• Considered to be the founder of the Portuguese power in India 

• Captured Goa from Bijapur 

• Persecuted Muslims 

• Captured Bhatkal from Sri Krishna Deva Rai (1510) of the Vijayanagar 

• He initiated the policy of marrying with the natives of India and banned the practice of sati in his area of influence.