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Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - UPSC MCQ


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25 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 for UPSC 2024 is part of UPSC preparation. The Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 questions and answers have been prepared according to the UPSC exam syllabus.The Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 MCQs are made for UPSC 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, notes, meanings, examples, exercises, MCQs and online tests for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 below.
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Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 1
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Consider the following statement (s) related to Hamleted rural settlement.

1. Units are locally called panna, para, palli, nagla, dhani, etc. in various parts of the country.

2. A pattern may also result from segregation or fragmentation of a large compact village.

Which is / are correct option?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 1

  • Sometimes settlement is fragmented into several units physically separated from each other bearing a common name. These units are locally called panna, para, palli, nagla, dhani, etc. in various parts of the country.

  • This segmentation of a large village is often motivated by social and ethnic factors. A hamlet is a small settlement, smaller than a village. Usually, all settlers in a hamlet are centered around a single economic activity.

  • A hamlet may consist of a farm, a mill, a mine or a harbor. All the people living there would be workers on that farm, mill, mine or harbour. Hamlets, especially those with a medieval church may have resulted from a medieval village, that was abandoned for some reason.

  • Because of the small size of the settlement, there are usually no buildings which have a central or administrative function.5-6 families may live there usually within a 2km radius area.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 2
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Consider the following statement (s) related to dispersed or isolated rural settlement.

1. Patterns of settlement appear in the form of isolated huts or hamlets of few huts in remote jungles, or on small hills with farms or pasture on the slopes.

2. Extreme dispersion of settlement is often caused by the extremely fragmented nature of the terrain and land resource base of habitable areas.

Which is / are correct option?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 2
A dispersed settlement, also known as a scattered settlement, is one of the main types of settlement patterns used by landscape historians to classify rural settlements found in India and other parts of the world. Typically, there are a number of separate farmsteads scattered throughout the area. In these settlements, houses are spaced far apart and often interspersed with fields.

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Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 3
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Consider the following statement (s) related to rural settlements.

1. On the basis of setting: The main types are plain villages, plateau villages, coastal villages, forest villages and desert villages.

2. On the basis of functions: There may be farming villages, fishermen’s villages, lumberjack villages, pastoral villages etc.

Which is / are correct option?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 3
Rural Settlement Patterns Patterns of rural settlements contemplate the way the houses are sited in relation to each other. The site of the village, the surrounding topography and terrain influence the shape and size of a village. Rural settlements may be classified on the basis of a number of criteria

(i) On the basis of setting: The main types are plain villages, plateau villages, coastal villages, forest villages and desert villages.

(ii) On the basis of functions: There may be farming villages, fishermen’s villages, lumberjack villages, pastoral villages etc.

(iii) On the basis of forms or shapes of the settlements: These may be a number of geometrical forms and shapes such as Linear, rectangular, circular star like, T-shaped village, double village, cross shaped village etc.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 4
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Consider the following statement (s) related to Rural Urban Settlement Dichotomy.

1. The term settlement is accepted but when it comes to its existence that can be differentiated in terms of rural and urban, but there is no consensus on what exactly defines a village or a town.

2. The basic difference between towns and villages is that in towns the main occupation of the people is related to secondary and tertiary sectors, while in the villages most of the people are engaged in primary occupations.

Which is / are correct option?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 4

  • Human Settlement is a form of human habitation which ranges from a single dowelling to large city. In other words, it is a process of opening up and settling a previously uninhabited area by the people.

  • People live in clusters of houses that might be a village, a town or a city. The study of human settlements is basic to human geography because the form of settlement in any particular region reflects human relationship with the environment.

  • A human settlement is defined as a place inhabited more or less permanently. The houses may be designed or redesigned, buildings may be altered, functions may change but settlement continues in time and space.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 5
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Which of the following is not the objective of the WTO?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 5

  • WTO is not responsible for the improvement in the Balance of Payment of the member countries while other options given in the question are objectives of the WTO. Created in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international institution that oversees the global trade rules among nations. It superseded the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) created in the wake of World War II.

  • The WTO is based on agreements signed by the majority of the world’s trading nations. The main function of the organization is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers protect and manage their businesses.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 6
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Which of the following factors forms the invisible account of the Balance of Payments of a country?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 6
Balance of payment broadly comprises current and capital accounts. Current account records export and import of goods (visible items), export and import of services (invisible items) and unilateral transfers from one country to another.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 7
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What is the objective of the ASEAN?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 7

  • ASEAN nations want to promote economic cooperation in SouthEast Asia and ensure economic stability in the region and to integrate the economies of the region to make the region more attractive for investors.

  • The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (more commonly known as ASEAN) is an intergovernmental organization aimed primarily at promoting economic growth and regional stability among its members.

  • There are currently 10 member states: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia and Vietnam.

  • ASEAN was founded half a century ago in 1967 by the five Southeast Asian nations of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. This was during the polarized atmosphere of the Cold War, and the alliance aimed to promote stability in the region.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 8
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Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the EU?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 8
The EURO is the official currency of the European Union. Currently 19 of 28 member states use the euro: this group of states is known as the Euro zone. It is the second most traded currency in the Foreign Exchange Market after the US dollar. The European Union is a unified trade and monetary body of 28 member countries. It eliminates all border controls between members.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 9
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Consider the following statements

1. In India, Semi-Clustered Settlements is a rather universal feature and particularly in the northern plains

2. Dominant community and lower strata of society is clearly visible in Semi-Clustered Settlements

Which is/are CORRECT?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 9

  • Semi-Clustered Settlements Semi-clustered or fragmented settlements may result from tendency of clustering in a restricted area of dispersed settlement. More often such a pattern may also result from segregation or fragmentation of a large compact village.

  • In this case, one or more sections of the village society choose or are forced to live a little away from the main cluster or village. In such cases, generally, the land-owning and dominant community occupies the central part of the main village, whereas people of lower strata of society and menial workers settle on the outer flanks of the village. Such settlem

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 10
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With reference to Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), consider the following statements

1. AIIB has more than 80 member nations.

2. India is the largest shareholder in AIIB.

3. AIIB does not have any members from outside Asia.

Which of the statements given above is / are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 10

  • Headquartered in Beijing, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) is a development bank established to boost lending for projects in sectors like energy, transportation, urban construction, logistics, education and healthcare.

  • AIIB presently has 97 approved members worldwide. The Bank has invested in 13 member regions; it has members from outside Asia in Egypt (Middle East), Azerbaijan (Asia and Europe) and others. The three largest shareholders of the bank are China, India and Russia.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 11
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Which of the following statements is correct regarding Economic Development and Human Development?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 11

  • The basic difference between economic development and human development is that economic development entirely focuses on the increase of income whereas human development believes in expanding and widening all aspects of human life be it economic, social, political, cultural, etc.

  • In the economic aspect human development is one of the essential elements. The basic idea behind this is that it is the use of income and not the income itself that decides the human choices. Since, the real wealth of a nation is its people; therefore, the goal of development should be the enrichment of human life.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 12
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Consider the following reasons which are responsible to keep India at the bottom of the Human Development:

1. Rapid increase in population

2. Large number of adult illiterates and low gross enrolment ratio

3. Inadequate government expenditure on education and health

Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 12
The following are the reasons to keep India at the bottom of human development

(a) rapid increase in population

(b) large number of adult illiterates and low gross enrolment ratio

(c) high drop-out rates

(d) inadequate government expenditure on education and health,

(e) large proportion of underweight children as well as undernourished people

(f) very poor sanitation facilities and low access to essential life saving medicines.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 13
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Consider the following statement (s) related to pillars of human development.

1. Equity means making equal access to opportunities available to everybody that opportunities available to people must be equal irrespective of their gender, race, income and in the Indian case, caste.

2. Sustainability to the human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human work that must be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people.

Which is / are correct option?

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 13

  • The term ‘human development’ may be defined as an expansion of human capabilities, a widening of choices, ‘an enhancement of freedom, and a fulfilment of human rights.At the beginning, the notion of human development incorporates the need for income expansion.

  • However, income growth should consider expansion of human capabilities. Hence development cannot be equated solely to income expansion. The first UNDP Human Development Report published in 1990 stated that: “The basic objective of development is to create an enabling environment for people to enjoy long, healthy and creative lives.” It also defined human development as “a process of enlarging people’s choices”, “and strengthening human capabilities” in a way which enables them to lead longer, healthier and fuller lives.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 14
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Consider the following statements about the population density/growth in India. Which are Correct?

1. Assam and most of the peninsular states have moderate population densities

2. The Northern Plains and Kerala in the south have high to very high population densities

3. Since 1981 the rate of population growth started declining gradually in India

4. Meghalaya is having the highest decadal growth in the 2011 census

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 14
All of the statements are correct.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 15
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Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. From 1901 to 1911 India’s population registered a four-fold growth.

2. From 1901 to 1951, India’s population grew only one and half times.

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 15
India’s population has grown steadily from 1901, except for a decrease in 1921. It increased from 23.8 crore in 1901 to 36.1 crore in 1951 and further to 102.7 crore in 2001, as shown in Table 31.1. It reveals that during the first 50 years from 1901 to 1951, population grew by 12.3 crore while during the next 50 years from 1951 to 2001, it increased by more than 5 times, that is, by 66.6 crore.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 16
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Who among the following economists introduced the term Human Development?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 16
In 1990 two economists - Prof. Mehbub Al Haque and Prof. Amartya Sen introduced the concept of Human Development. From 1990 onwards, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), each year calculate Human D

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 17
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Which of the following is/are considered as the indicator (s) of Human Development?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 17
Apart from Human Development Index (HDI), the other four indicators of human development have been selected which were used by the Human Development Report. These are

1. Human Poverty Index for developing countries (HPI-1)

2. Human Poverty Index for selected DECD Countries (HPI-2)

3. Gender -related Development Index (GDI)

4. Gender Empowered Measurement (GEM)

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 18
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Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Tertiary sector economic activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process.

2. Tertiary sector is also called the service sector.

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 18
Tertiary sector economic activities, by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process. Transport, storage, communication, banking, trade are some examples of tertiary activities. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, the tertiary sector is also called the service sector.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 19
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What percentage of Indian GDP is contributed by the service sector?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 19
Services sector is the largest sector of India. Gross Value Added (GVA) at current prices for the Services sector is estimated at 92.26 lakh crore INR in 2018-19. Services sector accounts for 54.40% of total India's GVA of 169.61 lakh crore Indian rupees. With GVA of Rs. 50.43 lakh crore, the Industry sector contributes 29.73%.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 20
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Which two of the following are likely to result in the tertiary sector taking a higher proportion of total output and employment?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 20
Explanation:
To determine which factors are likely to result in the tertiary sector taking a higher proportion of total output and employment, we need to consider the different options provided.
A: A shift of consumer tastes in favor of manufactured goods
- This option suggests a shift in consumer preferences towards manufactured goods, which would increase the demand for goods produced in the secondary sector.
- As a result, the tertiary sector may experience a lower proportion of total output and employment.
B: A shift of consumer tastes in favor of services
- This option suggests a shift in consumer preferences towards services, which would increase the demand for services provided by the tertiary sector.
- As a result, the tertiary sector may experience a higher proportion of total output and employment.
C: A high income elasticity of demand for services at a time of rapid economic growth
- This option suggests that as income increases, the demand for services also increases at a faster rate.
- During a period of rapid economic growth, there is likely to be an increase in income levels, leading to a higher demand for services.
- This would result in the tertiary sector taking a higher proportion of total output and employment.
D: Both B & C
- Option D combines the shift in consumer tastes towards services (option B) and the high income elasticity of demand for services during rapid economic growth (option C).
- Both of these factors would contribute to the tertiary sector taking a higher proportion of total output and employment.
Therefore, the correct answer is option D (Both B & C), as a shift in consumer tastes towards services and a high income elasticity of demand for services during rapid economic growth are likely to result in the tertiary sector taking a higher proportion of total output and employment.
Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 21
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Mixed economy means an economy where there is
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 21

  • In India, there is the existence of both public and private sectors working together. There is a blend of socialism and capitalism A mixed economic system is a system that combines aspects of both capitalism and socialism.

  • A mixed economic system protects private property and allows a level of economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for governments to interfere in economic activities in order to achieve social aims.

  • According to neoclassical theory, mixed economies are less efficient than pure free markets, but proponents of government interventions argue that the base conditions required for efficiency in free markets, such as equal information and rational market participants, cannot be achieved in practical application.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 22
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Consider the following statements.

1. National Highways constitute less than 2% of the total road length but carry about 40% of the traffic.

2. National Highway No. 7 is the longest highway in India.

Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 22

  • A major part of NH 7 covers the North-South Corridor of NHDP and it is officially listed as running over 2,369 km (1,472 mi) from Varanasi to Kanyakumari. It is the longest national highway in India.

  • The National Highways constitute only two per cent of the total road length but carry 40 per cent of the road traffic. The National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) is the apex body to improve the quality of the National Highways.

  • It was constituted by an act of Parliament, the National Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. It is responsible for the development, maintenance and management of National Highways entrusted to it and for matters connected or incidental thereto.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 23
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Which of the following waterways transports raw materials of eastern countries to western countries and transport industrial products to eastern countries?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 23
The Routes of Mediterranean Sea transports raw materials of eastern countries to western countries and transport industrial products to eastern countries.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 24
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Which of the following sea routes gives maximum benefits to countries like China, Korea, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 24
North Pacific Oceanic Route joins East Asia and North America with each other. This waterway is very long.

From this route the countries like China. Korea, Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Hong Kong take maximum benefits.

Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 25
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Which of the following ports is considered as a gateway to golden opportunities for trade by India, Iran and Afghanistan with central Asian countries?
Detailed Solution for Test: Class 12 Fundamentals Of Human Geography NCERT Based - 2 - Question 25
The Chabahar port in the Sistan-Baluchistan province in the southern coast of Iran is easily accessible from India's western coast and is increasingly seen as a counter to Pakistan's Gwadar Port located at a distance of around 80 km from Chabahar. It is being considered as a gateway to golden opportunities for trade by India, Iran and Afghanistan with central Asian countries.

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