UPSC: Geography NCERT Based Test- 2 - UPSC MCQ

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• Two processes: Weathering and Erosion are continuously wearing away the landscape.

• Weathering is the breaking up of the rocks on the earth's surface. Erosion is the wearing away of the landscape by different agents like wind, water etc. The eroded material is carried away and transported by wind, water etc. and eventually deposited. These processes of erosion and deposition create different landforms on the surface.

1. Oil

2. Iron

3. Phosphorus

4. Manganese

5. Uranium

The discovery of oil in Algeria, Libya and Egypt is constantly transforming the Sahara desert. Gold is mainly found in South Africa.

• We as human beings are social animals. We need to interact and cooperate with other people for various purposes, such as requiring their help, their assistance in our day to day work and making them understand the intent and purpose of our actions.

• Now what we saw here is the need of other people in our day to day life but when you take the perspective of a whole nation, you need to understand the need of people on a macro level. Without question, people of a nation are its greatest asset.

• It is their everyday skills and abilities that turn them into a resource for the nation. Healthy, educated and motivated people develop resources as per their requirement.

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• Weather, state of the atmosphere at a particular place during a short period of time.

• It involves such atmospheric phenomena as temperature, humidity, precipitation (type and amount), air pressure, wind, and cloud cover.

• The weather differs from the climate in that the latter includes the synthesis of weather conditions that have prevailed over a given area during a long time period—generally 30 years.

• For a full discussion of the elements and origins of weather, see climate. For the treatment of how conditions in space affect satellites and other technologies, see space weather.

• As most commonly defined, weather occurs in the troposphere, the lowest region of the atmosphere that extends from the Earth's surface to 6–8 km (4–5 miles) at the poles and about 17 km (11 miles) at the Equator. Weather is largely confined to the troposphere since almost all clouds occur and almost all precipitation develops.

• ASEAN nations want to promote economic cooperation in SouthEast Asia and ensure economic stability in the region and to integrate the economies of the region to make the region more attractive for investors.

• The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (more commonly known as ASEAN) is an intergovernmental organization aimed primarily at promoting economic growth and regional stability among its members.

• There are currently 10 member states: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Brunei, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia and Vietnam.

• ASEAN was founded half a century ago in 1967 by the five Southeast Asian nations of Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand. This was during the polarized atmosphere of the Cold War, and the alliance aimed to promote stability in the region.

• Semi-Clustered Settlements Semi-clustered or fragmented settlements may result from tendency of clustering in a restricted area of dispersed settlement. More often such a pattern may also result from segregation or fragmentation of a large compact village.

• In this case, one or more sections of the village society choose or are forced to live a little away from the main cluster or village. In such cases, generally, the land-owning and dominant community occupies the central part of the main village, whereas people of lower strata of society and menial workers settle on the outer flanks of the village. Such settlem

• The city of Ahmedabad in the Gujarat state is famously known as the "Manchester City of India".

• This name was given to this city by a popular textile centre in the Manchester of Great Britain, adhering to the striking similarities of Ahmedabad's prospering cotton textile industries with the ones in Manchester.

• In the prairies, places that receive rainfall of over 50 cm, are suitable for farming as the soil is fertile. The major crop of prairies is maize. But some other crops are also grown here.

• They are 1. Potatoes 2. Soybean 3. Cotton 4. Alfa-alfa Area where rainfall is very little or unreliable, grasses are short and sparse. These areas are suitable for cattle rearing.

• The cold weather season begins with November in north India, and by the beginning of December, the whole country comes under its grip.

• In this season the southerly branch of the jet stream occupies position south of the Himalayas indicating that oil more the Northern Hemisphere polar dynamics in command of the situation.

• The westerly jet stream's return is accompanied by the restriction of light north-east trade winds (monsoon) toll surface, withdrawal of the ITC, formation of antic clinic cell over northwestern India and dry wealth conditions prevailing over most of the part of the country.

• Kaveri River, Kaveri also spelt Cauvery, the sacred river of southern India. It rises on Brahmagiri Hill of the Western Ghats in southwestern Karnataka state, flows in a southeasterly direction for 475 miles (765 km) through the states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, and descends the Eastern Ghats in a series of great falls.

• Right, Bank Tributaries are :- Hemavati , Shimsha , Arkaveri , Chovrai , Turunan Muttai . Left bank Tributaries are :- Lakshmantirath , Kabini ,Suvarnevati , Bhavani , Noyil , Amravati.

• Human Settlement is a form of human habitation which ranges from a single dowelling to large city. In other words, it is a process of opening up and settling a previously uninhabited area by the people.

• People live in clusters of houses that might be a village, a town or a city. The study of human settlements is basic to human geography because the form of settlement in any particular region reflects human relationship with the environment.

• A human settlement is defined as a place inhabited more or less permanently. The houses may be designed or redesigned, buildings may be altered, functions may change but settlement continues in time and space.

• A primary economic activity is a type of operation or industry that involves extracting or refining natural resources, such as mining, agriculture, forestry, and fishing.

• These economic functions deliver the raw material for other industries, further refining and developing these materials into products to sell to customers.

The major west-flowing rivers in Peninsular India are Narmada and Tapi. It is located mainly in Madhya Pradesh. The Narmada River is also known as the Rewa River. The River originates from the Maikala range near Amarkantak.

• Slash and burn farming is a form of shifting agriculture where the natural vegetation is cut down and burned as a method of clearing the land for cultivation, and then, when the plot becomes infertile, the farmer moves to a new fresh plant and does the same again. This process is repeated over and over.

• Shifting Cultivation is known as Ladang in Indonesia, Caingin in Philippines, Milpa in central America & Mexico, Ray in Vietnam, Taungya In Myanmar , Tamrai in Thailand, Chena in Sri Lanka, Conuco in Venezuela, Roca in Brazil, Masole in central Africa.

• Tsunami is a Japanese word that means “harbour waves” as the harbours get destroyed whenever there is a tsunami.

• An earthquake /volcanic eruption or underwater landslides can shift large amounts of ocean water.

• As a result, a huge tidal wave called tsunami, that may be as high as 15 mtr is formed.

• Tsunamis are rare in the Indian ocean as the seismic activity is less as compared to the Pacific ocean.

• The tsunami that ravaged the South and Southeast Asian coasts in December 2004, is the most devastating tsunami in the last several hundred years.

• The Indira Point in Andaman and Nicobar islands got submerged after the tsunami.

Chambal river is an example of superimposed drainage. A superimposed river does not adjust with the structure of its place of origin. First of all the river valley is built on upper part and then the river develops and expands such structure in the lower part.

• WTO is not responsible for the improvement in the Balance of Payment of the member countries while other options given in the question are objectives of the WTO. Created in 1995, the World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international institution that oversees the global trade rules among nations. It superseded the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) created in the wake of World War II.

• The WTO is based on agreements signed by the majority of the world’s trading nations. The main function of the organization is to help producers of goods and services, exporters, and importers protect and manage their businesses.

• Wheat is a Rabi crop. It is sown in mid-October-mid-November and harvested in March. It grows well in cool, moist climate and ripens in a warm, dry climate.

• The cool winters and the hot summers are conducive to a good crop. A cloudless sky having bright sunshine during ripening and harvesting periods will make better quality wheat. Winter rainfall is ideal.

1. Cactus

2. Date Palms

3. Acacia

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• A thorny forest is a dense, scrub-like vegetation characteristic of dry subtropical and warm temperate areas with a seasonal rainfall averaging 250 to 500 mm (9.8 to 19.7 in).

• This vegetation covers a large part of southwestern North America and southwestern Africa and smaller areas in Africa, South America, and Australia. In South America, thorn forest is sometimes called Caatinga, and consists primarily of small, thorny trees that shed their leaves seasonally.

• Trees typically do not exceed 10 metres (33 ft) in height, usually averaging between 7 and 8 metres (23 and 26 ft) tall. Thorn forest grades into savanna woodland as the rainfall increases and into desert as the climate becomes dryer.