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Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Humanities/Arts MCQ


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20 Questions MCQ Test - Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2

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Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 1

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

i. Al-Biruni was born in Khwarizm and was proficient in multiple languages, including Sanskrit.

ii. Al-Biruni's experiences and writings contributed significantly to the understanding of Indian culture and philosophy.

iii. The Ghaznavid empire's expansion into the Punjab had no impact on Al-Biruni's studies.

iv. Al-Biruni initially moved to Ghazni as a free scholar and later became a hostage during Sultan Mahmud's invasion.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 1

- Statement i is correct because Al-Biruni was indeed born in Khwarizm and mastered several languages, including Sanskrit, which he studied during his time in India.

- Statement ii is also correct since Al-Biruni's writings provided in-depth insights into Indian culture, religion, and philosophy, enriching travel literature.

- Statement iii is incorrect. The expansion of the Ghaznavid empire into the Punjab facilitated Al-Biruni's studies and interactions with local scholars, enhancing his understanding of the region.

- Statement iv is accurate; Al-Biruni was taken to Ghazni as a hostage during the invasion but later became an integral part of the cultural and intellectual life there.

Thus, the correct statements are i, ii, and iv, making Option C the right choice.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 2

In which year did Ibn Battuta reach Sind during his travels to India?

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 2

Ibn Battuta reached Sind in 1333 during his overland journey through Central Asia. This journey eventually led him to Delhi, where he served as a qazi under Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

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Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 3

Assertion (A): Bernier viewed India as inferior to the Western world.

Reason (R): He believed that India's political organization, social structure, and economic development were less advanced compared to those in Europe.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 3
  • François Bernier, a French traveler and physician, often compared India unfavorably to Europe, particularly France, in his writings.
  • He believed that India lagged behind Europe in various aspects, including political organization, social structure, and economic development.
  • Bernier observed that in India, the Mughal Empire's system of crown land ownership discouraged private property and long-term agricultural investment, leading to economic decline.
  • He noted the rigid social hierarchy and lack of political freedom, contrasting these with what he saw as more dynamic and progressive systems in Europe.
  • His belief that these factors made India inferior to the Western world underpinned his overall negative assessment of the country. Thus, both assertion and reason are true and reason correctly explains the assertion. So, option A is correct.
Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 4

When was Al-Biruni born?

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 4
  • Al-Biruni was born on September 4, 973 CE in Khwarazm, which is now part of Uzbekistan.
  • He was a Persian scholar, polymath, and historian.
  • Al-Biruni is best known for his works on Indian history and culture.
Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 5

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

i. Al-Biruni faced language barriers when interpreting Sanskrit texts due to significant differences between Sanskrit and Arabic/Persian.

ii. Al-Biruni suggested that social divisions, such as the caste system, are unique to Indian society and do not exist elsewhere.

iii. He rejected the idea of social pollution within the caste system, arguing that impurity seeks to regain purity.

iv. Al-Biruni's understanding of the caste system was solely based on his personal observations without reference to any normative texts.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 5

- Statement i is correct. Al-Biruni acknowledged the language barrier in translating ideas from Sanskrit to Arabic and Persian.

- Statement ii is incorrect. Al-Biruni did not claim that social divisions were unique to India; he drew parallels with ancient Persia.

- Statement iii is correct. Al-Biruni argued against the concept of social pollution, emphasizing that impurity strives for purity.

- Statement iv is incorrect. Al-Biruni's understanding was influenced by normative Sanskrit texts, contrary to what this statement suggests.

Thus, the correct statements are i and iii.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 6

Which statement is correct for François Bernier's observations in Mughal India?

i. Bernier observed that private land ownership was prevalent in the Mughal Empire.

ii. He compared the Mughal Empire to contemporary Europe, often unfavorably.

iii. Bernier's works were widely circulated and translated across Europe.

iv. He lived in India from 1656 to 1668 and served as a physician at the Mughal court.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 6

Statement 1 is incorrect; Bernier noted the absence of private land ownership in the Mughal Empire.
Statement 2 is correct; he often compared the Mughal Empire unfavorably to Europe.
Statement 3 is correct; his works were widely translated and circulated in Europe.
Statement 4 is correct; he lived in India from 1656 to 1668 and served as a physician at the Mughal court.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 7

During which years did François Bernier live and work in India?

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 7

François Bernier lived and worked in India from 1656 to 1668. During this period, he served as a physician at the Mughal court and later became an intellectual and scientist in association with Danishmand Khan.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 8

 

Which statement is correct for Ibn Battuta's travels?

i. Ibn Battuta traveled to Sind in 1325.

ii. He served as a qazi in Delhi under Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq.

iii. Ibn Battuta's journey took him to China as an envoy of the Sultan.

iv. He returned to Morocco in 1347 after extensive travels.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 8

Statement 1 is incorrect; Ibn Battuta traveled to Sind in 1333, not 1325.
Statement 2 is correct; he served as a qazi in Delhi.
Statement 3 is correct; he was sent as an envoy to China.
Statement 4 is correct; he returned to Morocco in 1347 after his travels.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 9

Assertion (A): Al-Biruni's Kitab-ul-Hind is structured into 80 chapters that explore various aspects of Indian culture, including religion and philosophy.

Reason (R): The chapters begin with a question, followed by a description grounded in Sanskritic traditions, and conclude with a comparison to other cultures.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 9

 

- Assertion: The assertion is correct as Al-Biruni's Kitab-ul-Hind indeed consists of 80 chapters that delve into various subjects related to Indian culture, such as religion and philosophy.

- Reason: The reason is also correct as it accurately describes the structure of the chapters in the book. Each chapter does start with a question, followed by descriptions based on Sanskrit traditions, and ends with comparisons.

Since both the assertion and reason are true, and the reason provides a clear explanation of how the chapters are structured in relation to the assertion, Option A is the correct answer.

 

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 10

Assertion (A): Ibn Battuta was amazed by the efficiency of the postal system in India.

Reason (R): The postal system in India allowed for rapid communication across the vast territory.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 10
  • Assertion is true as Ibn Battuta, a Moroccan traveler, noted the remarkable efficiency of the postal system in India during his travels.
  • He was particularly impressed by how quickly information and goods could be transmitted across the vast distances of the subcontinent.
  • The reason is also true.
  • The postal system in medieval India was well-organized, with a network of runners and horses that facilitated fast communication.
  • This enabled news and messages to travel much more rapidly than the physical movement of people.
  • The reason provides a correct explanation for why Ibn Battuta was amazed by the postal system, as it highlighted the advanced infrastructure that supported efficient communication across the region.

 

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 11

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

i. François Bernier served as a physician to Prince Dara Shukoh during his time at the Mughal court.

ii. Bernier's major work was dedicated to Louis XIV, highlighting the positive aspects of Indian society.

iii. His writings drew comparisons between India and developments in Europe, often portraying India unfavorably.

iv. Bernier's accounts were published in multiple languages shortly after their release in France.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 11

- Statement i is correct as François Bernier was indeed a physician to Prince Dara Shukoh at the Mughal court.

- Statement ii is incorrect; while Bernier's major work was dedicated to Louis XIV, it portrayed India in a bleak light, not highlighting its positive aspects.

- Statement iii is correct; Bernier's writings often compared India unfavorably to Europe.

- Statement iv is also correct; Bernier's works were published in several languages soon after their initial release in France.

Thus, the correct statements are i, iii, and iv, making Option C the right answer.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 12

When was Al-Biruni taken to Ghazni along with other scholars and poets?

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 12

Al-Biruni was taken to Ghazni in 1017 during Sultan Mahmud's invasion of Khwarizm. This event marked the beginning of his stay in Ghazni, where he spent the rest of his life.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 13

Assertion (A): Al-Biruni believed that the caste system in India was not unique and could be compared to social divisions in ancient Persia.
Reason (R): Al-Biruni emphasized that within Islam, all men are equal, differing only in their piety, which contradicts the caste system's principles.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 13
  • The Assertion is correct; Al-Biruni did draw parallels between the caste system in India and the social divisions of ancient Persia, suggesting that social stratification was common in various cultures.
  • The Reason is also correct; Al-Biruni acknowledged the Islamic principle of equality among men based on piety, which does stand in contrast to the hierarchical nature of the caste system.
  • However, the Reason does not serve as a correct explanation for the Assertion, as the comparison of social structures does not directly relate to the notions of equality within Islam.
Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 14

Where did Ibn Battuta stay for eighteen months as the qazi?

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 14

Ibn Battuta stayed in the Maldives for eighteen months, serving as the qazi, or Islamic judge, during his time there.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 15

Which statement is correct for Al-Biruni's life and works?

i. Al-Biruni was born in Ghazni and lived there his entire life.

ii. He mastered Sanskrit during his stay in Punjab.

iii. Al-Biruni's Kitab-ul-Hind was originally written in Greek.

iv. He developed a keen interest in Indian culture during the Ghaznavid empire's expansion.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 15

Statement 1 is incorrect; Al-Biruni was born in Khwarizm and later moved to Ghazni.
Statement 2 is correct; he mastered Sanskrit during his stay in Punjab.
Statement 3 is incorrect; Kitab-ul-Hind was written in Arabic.
Statement 4 is correct; his interest in Indian culture grew during the Ghaznavid empire's expansion into Punjab.


Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 16

Arrange the following events in chronological order:

  1. Ibn Battuta's arrival in Sind.
  2. Al-Biruni's relocation to Ghazni.
  3. François Bernier's arrival in India.
  4. Al-Biruni's birth in Khwarizm.
Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 16
  • Al-Biruni's birth: 973 in Khwarizm.
  • Relocation to Ghazni: 1017 during Sultan Mahmud's invasion.
  • Ibn Battuta's arrival in Sind: 1333.
  • François Bernier's arrival in India: 1656.
Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 17

Assertion (A): Slaves were openly sold in markets like any other commodity.

Reason (R): Slaves were regularly exchanged as gifts in medieval India.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 17

 

Assertion is true because, as recorded by travelers like Ibn Battuta, the buying and selling of slaves in markets was a common practice in medieval India. Slaves were treated as commodities and were part of the trade that occurred in various markets across the region. This reason is also true. Slaves, especially female slaves, were often exchanged as gifts, particularly among the elite and rulers. This practice was a reflection of the social norms and the value placed on slaves as property during that period. Thus, these points demonstrate why both the assertion and the reason are true, with the reason providing the correct explanation for the assertion.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 18

Consider the following statements:

Statement I: Al-Biruni was highly influenced by the works of Greek philosophers.

Statement II: François Bernier's writings were rapidly translated and gained immense popularity across Europe.

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 18
  • Statement I: Al-Biruni was influenced by Greek philosophers, though he didn’t know Greek directly but through Arabic translations.
  • Statement II: Bernier's works were indeed popular and widely translated, contributing to Western perceptions of India. However, this does not explain Al-Biruni’s influence by Greek philosophers.
Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 19

Al-biruni relied almost exclusively on the works of what?

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 19

Al-Biruni relied almost exclusively on the works of Brahmanas, the priestly caste in Hindu society, for his understanding of Indian culture and religion.

Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 20

Match the following:

Detailed Solution for Test: Through The Eyes of Travellers- 2 - Question 20
  • Al-Biruni: Authored "Kitab-ul-Hind."
  • Ibn Battuta: Served as qazi in Delhi under Sultan Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
  • François Bernier: Compared India to Europe in his travel writings.
  • Jean-Baptiste Tavernier: A French jeweler who made several trips to India.
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