Test: Neural System and Human Neural System - NEET MCQ

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect because the PNS transmits impulses both to and from the CNS, and statement 4 is incorrect because the autonomic system controls involuntary actions.
Topic in NCERT: HUMAN NEURAL SYSTEM
Line in NCERT: "The human neural system is divided into two parts: (i) the central neural system (CNS) (ii) the peripheral neural system (PNS). The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord and is the site of information processing and control." "The PNS is divided into two divisions called somatic neural system and autonomic neural system. The somatic neural system relays impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles while the autonomic neural system transmits impulses from the CNS to the involuntary organs and smooth muscles of the body."

The central nervous system (CNS) is primarily responsible for processing information and regulating bodily functions. It encompasses the brain and spinal cord, serving as the main control center for all activities in the body. The CNS interprets sensory information received from the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and coordinates responses. An interesting fact is that the brain alone contains approximately 86 billion neurons, which play a crucial role in cognitive functions, movement, and sensory perception.

Topic in NCERT: HUMAN NEURAL SYSTEM

Line in NCERT: "The CNS includes the brain and the spinal cord and is the site of information processing and control."

Both Assertion and Reason are correct. Coordination between organs is essential for maintaining homeostasis, and the reason correctly explains how organs complement each other’s functions to achieve this.
Topic in NCERT: NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION
Line in NCERT: "As you know, the functions of the organs/organ systems in our body must be coordinated to maintain homeostasis. Coordination is the process through which two or more organs interact and complement the functions of one another."

The autonomic neural system controls involuntary actions like heart rate, digestion, and other functions of smooth muscles and involuntary organs.
Topic in NCERT: Autonomic Neural System
Line in NCERT: "The autonomic neural system transmits impulses from the CNS to the involuntary organs and smooth muscles of the body."

Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect. The autonomic neural system regulates involuntary body functions, and autonomic neural system  is divided into the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems, which perform different roles in controlling these functions.

The visceral nervous system is responsible for transporting impulses between the central nervous system and the internal organs, or viscera. This system manages involuntary bodily functions such as digestion and heart rate, which are critical for maintaining homeostasis. Interestingly, it is often divided into two main components: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which have opposing effects on organ function to help regulate bodily responses to stress and relaxation.

Topic in NCERT: Visceral nervous system

Line in NCERT: "Visceral nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system that comprises the whole complex of nerves, fibres, ganglia, and plexuses by which impulses travel from the central nervous system to the viscera and from the viscera to the central nervous system."

The somatic neural system is the part of the nervous system that carries sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system (CNS) to the skeletal muscles, enabling voluntary control of movements. This system is crucial for activities such as walking, writing, and any other actions that require conscious effort. An interesting fact is that the somatic nervous system can rapidly respond to stimuli, allowing for quick reflex actions, often without the need for conscious thought.
Topic in NCERT: Human Neural System
Line in NCERT: "The somatic neural system relays impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles."

During intense physical exercise, the CNS processes sensory information from muscles and organs, sending efferent impulses through the PNS to regulate actions like muscle contraction and heart rate. Simultaneously, the PNS sends afferent impulses back to the CNS from the lungs and heart, providing feedback, which is crucial for coordinating the response to the increased demand for oxygen and energy.
Topic in NCERT: PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Line in NCERT: "The afferent nerve fibres transmit impulses from tissues/organs to the CNS and the efferent fibres transmit regulatory impulses from the CNS to the concerned peripheral tissues/organs."

Afferent fibres transmit impulses to the CNS.
Efferent fibres transmit impulses from the CNS.
The sympathetic neural system controls involuntary organs and smooth muscles.
The somatic neural system relays impulses to skeletal muscles.

The sensory (afferent) division carries sensory signals by way of afferent nerve fibers from receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). It can be further subdivided into somatic and visceral divisions. The somatic sensory division carries signals from receptors in the skin, muscles, bones and joints.

Topic in NCERT: afferent fibres

Line in NCERT: "The afferent nerve fibres transmit impulses from tissues/organs to the CNS."