Test: Human Memory- 2 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The sensory memory store holds a large amount of information, but only a few elements will be selected to further process before most of the information is lost. Short-term and long-term memory stores hold information longer than the sensory store, but the type of processing influences how much information will be retained. Explicit and implicit memory do not refer to types of memory stores per se, but different levels of awareness of the conditions under which the learning occurred.

Topic in NCERT: Sensory Memory

Line in NCERT: "The duration - less than one second."

The Method of Loci involves visualizing objects in a specific sequence and associating them with locations to enhance memory recall. It is particularly effective for remembering items in a specific order.

Topic in NCERT: The Method of Loci

Line in NCERT: "(b) The Method of Loci : In order to use the method of loci, items you want to remember are placed as objects arranged in a physical space in the form of visual images. This method is particularly helpful in remembering items in a serial order. It requires that you first visualise objects/places that you know well in a specific sequence, imagine the objects you want to remember and associate them one by one to the physical locations."

Repressed Memories refer to painful or traumatic experiences that are unconsciously pushed out of awareness, making them difficult or impossible to recall consciously, as described by Sigmund Freud.

Topic in NCERT: Box 6.4 Repressed Memories

Line in NCERT: "Sigmund Freud posited that such experiences are repressed into the unconscious and are not available for retrieval from memory."

The PQRST method emphasizes active engagement with the material by previewing it, asking questions, reading, self-reciting, and then testing oneself to improve retention and understanding of the material.

Topic in NCERT: Methods of PQRST

Line in NCERT: "methods of PQRST. This acronym stands for Preview, Question, Read, Self-recitation, and Test."

Chunking helps improve memory by organizing smaller, individual pieces of information into larger, more meaningful units, making it easier to remember and recall.

Topic in NCERT: Chunking

Line in NCERT: "chunking can increase the capacity of short-term memory. In chunking, several smaller units are combined to form large chunks."

The method of loci involves mentally placing the items to be remembered in a familiar environment, which can help in recalling them in a sequence as you "walk" through that environment in your mind.

Topic in NCERT: The Method of Loci

Line in NCERT: "In order to use the method of loci, items you want to remember are placed as objects arranged in a physical space in the form of visual images."

According to Craik and Lockhart, deep processing, which focuses on understanding the meaning of the material and making associations with existing knowledge, leads to better memory retention than shallow processing, which focuses on surface features.

Topic in NCERT: LEVELS OF PROCESSING

Line in NCERT: "Craik and Lockhart have demonstrated that processing information in terms of meaning that they convey leads to better memory as compared to attending to their surface features."

Retrieval failure theory suggests that forgetting occurs when appropriate retrieval cues are missing or ineffective at the time of recall.

Topic in NCERT: Forgetting due to Retrieval Failure

Line in NCERT: "Retrieval cues are aids which help us in recovering information stored in the memory. This was advanced by Tulving and his associates who carried out several experiments to show that contents of memory may become inaccessible either due to absence or inappropriateness of retrieval cues that are available/employed at the time of recall."

Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information interferes with the ability to recall newer information.

Topic in NCERT: Interference and Forgetting

Line in NCERT: "Interference can be proactive (forward moving) which means what you have learnt earlier interferes with the recall of your subsequent learning."

Deep Level Processing involves engaging with information meaningfully, asking questions, and relating it to existing knowledge. This enhances memory retention as it allows the information to integrate into a broader framework of understanding.