Olympiad Test Level 2: Indian Polity- 2 - Class 6 MCQ

• The rights provided by the constitution are called fundamental rights.
• Fundamental rights are the basic human rights enshrined in the Constitution of India which are guaranteed to all citizens. They are applied without discrimination on the basis of race, religion, gender, etc. Significantly, fundamental rights are enforceable by the courts, subject to certain conditions.

Article 25 gives every person the right to freedom of conscience and the right to freely profess, practice, and propagate religion subject to public order, morality, and health. Article 26 also gives all denominations the right to manage their own affairs in matters of religion.

Abraham Lincoln said, "Democracy is a rule of the people, for the people and by the people". It means that democracy is a form of government in which the rulers are elected by the people. The citizens of the country elect the Government to rule the country and the elected government work for the welfare of the people.

Fundamental duties are moral obligations to the citizens of the country. As of now, there are 11 fundamental duties included in Part IV(A) of the Indian Constitution.
Some of them are:

• To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India
• To safeguard public property and to abjure violence
• To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
• To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem

Six fundamental rights provided by Constitution are:

1. Right to equality
2. Right to liberty
3. Right against exploitation
4. Right to freedom of religion
5. Cultural and Educational rights
6. Right to constitutional remedy

Sukumar Sen is the first Chief Election Commissioner of India. Under his leadership, the Election Commission successfully administered and oversaw independent India’s first two general elections, in 1951–52 and in 1957. He also served as the first Chief Election Commissioner in Sudan.

Federal features of the Indian Constitution are:

• Bicameralism at the Federal level
• Independent and Impartial Judiciary
• Division of powers
• Written Constitution
• Rigid feature
• Supremacy of the Constitution.

The President of India

• Article 52 says there shall be a president of India.
• The President is known as the first citizen of India because he/she represents our country.
• He is the constitutional head of the nation. All executive decisions are taken in his name.
• The President who is also the head of the Indian State is the first citizen of India and acts as the symbol of the unity, integrity, and solidarity of the Indian nation. 

There is no specification of a minimum age limit for the judge of a High Court.

A. Collector: A District Magistrate is an Indian Administrative Service officer who is in charge of a district, the basic unit of administration, in India.
B. Police: The police maintain law and order to establish peace in society.
C. Patwari: Patwari is the village account or the administrative officer in a village who is responsible for maintaining land records of the village.
D. Tehsildar: Tehsildar or Mamlatdar is a tax officer accompanied by revenue inspectors.

• The welfare state is a way of governing in which the state or an established group of social institutions provides basic economic security for its citizens. 
• Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the Parliament of India in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament and assented to by the President, becomes an act of Parliament.

• The Village Panchayat or Gram Panchayat is a basic or first formal democratic institution at the village level. It is a cabinet of the village elders, directly elected by the adult citizens of the village.
• The chairperson of this unit is called a Sarpanch and he presides over the meetings of the Gram Panchayat.
• He is also responsible for the proper custody of all records and documents, all valuable securities and assets belonging to the Gram panchayat.

• The RTI Act mandates that any Indian citizen is free to seek any information from any public or government authority and the authority is under liability to respond to such a request within a period of 30 days from the date of receiving such an application.
• Legislative proposals are brought before either house of the Parliament of India in the form of a bill. A bill is the draft of a legislative proposal, which, when passed by both houses of Parliament and assented to by the President, becomes an act of Parliament.

All adults in India have the equal right to vote during elections and this "power over the ballot box" has been used by people to elect or replace their representatives. But this feeling of equality that the ballot box provides does not extend to most people's lives.

India has a single unified and integrated judicial system for the entire nation because:

• Supreme Court decisions are binding precedent for lower subordinate courts. At the apex of country's judicial system is the Supreme Court which is supreme guardian of the law of the land, comprising of chief justice and other 30 judges. 
• There are High Courts at the state level which have jurisdiction over a state, or a Union territory or a group of states or union Territories.