Knowledge Package - 21 - Year 5 MCQ

Answer:
The Gaddafi Stadium is located in Lahore, Pakistan. It is named after the former Libyan leader, Muammar al-Gaddafi.
Here are some key points about the Gaddafi Stadium:
- Location: Lahore, Pakistan
- Significance: It is one of the most iconic cricket grounds in Pakistan and has hosted numerous international cricket matches.
- Capacity: The stadium has a seating capacity of around 27,000 spectators, making it one of the largest cricket stadiums in Pakistan.
- Establishment: The Gaddafi Stadium was established in 1959 and has since been a prominent venue for both Test and One-Day International (ODI) cricket matches.
- Renovations: Over the years, the stadium has undergone several renovations and upgrades to improve its facilities and accommodate larger crowds.
- Cricket history: The Gaddafi Stadium has witnessed many historic moments in cricket, including the famous tied Test match between Pakistan and England in 1977.
- Other sports: Apart from cricket, the stadium has also hosted other sports events such as field hockey matches.
- Importance: The Gaddafi Stadium holds great sentimental value for cricket fans in Pakistan and is considered a symbol of the country's passion for the sport.
In conclusion, the Gaddafi Stadium is located in Lahore, Pakistan, and is named after the former Libyan leader Muammar al-Gaddafi. It is a renowned cricket ground with a rich history of hosting international matches and is highly regarded by cricket enthusiasts in Pakistan.

Answer:

The major constituents of which fuel gas are hydrogen and carbon monoxide?

• Coal Gas: Coal gas is produced by heating coal in the absence of air. It consists of hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, and other gases. However, the major constituents of coal gas are hydrogen and carbon monoxide.


• Water Gas: Water gas is produced by reacting steam with hot carbon or coke. It consists of hydrogen and carbon monoxide as major constituents.


• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG): CNG is a fuel gas composed mostly of methane. It does not contain hydrogen and carbon monoxide as major constituents.


• Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG): LPG is a mixture of hydrocarbon gases, primarily propane and butane. It does not contain hydrogen and carbon monoxide as major constituents.

Therefore, the correct answer is B: Water Gas, as it is the fuel gas that consists of hydrogen and carbon monoxide as major constituents.

The answer to the question is:
Who added 'Jai Vigyan' to the Lal Bahadur Shastri's slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan'?
The answer is D. Atal Behari Vajpayee.
Detailed explanation:
Atal Behari Vajpayee, the then Prime Minister of India, added 'Jai Vigyan' to the Lal Bahadur Shastri's slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan' during his address at the nuclear tests site near Pokhran in May 1998. This addition to the slogan highlighted the importance of science and technology in the progress and development of the nation. It emphasized the significance of scientific advancements and innovation in various fields for the overall growth of the country.
Summary:
- Atal Behari Vajpayee added 'Jai Vigyan' to the Lal Bahadur Shastri's slogan 'Jai Jawan, Jai Kisan'.
- He made this addition during his address at the nuclear tests site near Pokhran in May 1998.
- The addition of 'Jai Vigyan' emphasized the importance of science and technology in the progress and development of the nation.

Mythological Weapon Depicted on the Param Vir Chakra Medal: Vajra
- The Param Vir Chakra is the highest military decoration in India and is awarded for acts of valor during wartime.
- The medal features the Vajra, a mythological weapon from Hindu mythology, which is depicted on the medal.
- The Vajra is a symbol of strength, power, and invincibility, and is often associated with the god Indra.
- In Hindu mythology, the Vajra is said to be a thunderbolt weapon that can destroy any obstacle or enemy.
- It is made of a special metal called "Vajra Niron" and is believed to be indestructible.
- The Vajra is often depicted as a double-edged weapon with a long handle and diamond-shaped blades at both ends.
- It represents the unyielding courage and determination of the recipients of the Param Vir Chakra.
- The Vajra is a fitting symbol for the medal as it represents the strength and bravery of the Indian armed forces.
- The Param Vir Chakra medal serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by the recipients in defending the nation.
- It is a symbol of honor and recognition for their extraordinary acts of courage and valor.

Introduction:
Jamshedpur, also known as the steel city of India, is situated on the banks of the Subarnarekha River. It is a major industrial city in the state of Jharkhand and is famous for its steel production.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of why Jamshedpur is located on the banks of the Subarnarekha River:
1. Geographical Location:
- Jamshedpur is located in the eastern part of India, specifically in the state of Jharkhand.
- The city is situated on the Chota Nagpur Plateau, which is known for its rich mineral resources.
- The Subarnarekha River flows through this region, making it a suitable location for industrial development.
2. Availability of Water:
- The Subarnarekha River serves as a significant source of water for various industrial activities in Jamshedpur.
- Water is essential for steel production, and the presence of a river ensures a continuous supply of water for the industries.
3. Transportation and Connectivity:
- The Subarnarekha River also plays a crucial role in transportation and connectivity for the city.
- It provides a natural waterway for the transportation of raw materials and finished goods.
- The river connects Jamshedpur to other parts of Jharkhand and neighboring states, facilitating trade and commerce.
4. Historical Significance:
- The Subarnarekha River has historical and cultural significance in the region.
- It is mentioned in ancient Indian texts and is believed to have gold particles in its sand, giving it the name "Subarnarekha," which means "streak of gold."
Conclusion:
Jamshedpur, the steel city of India, is located on the banks of the Subarnarekha River due to its geographical location, availability of water, transportation benefits, and historical significance. The river has played a vital role in the industrial development and growth of the city.

Answer: B. Akshay Kumar – Housefull 2
Explanation:
The dialogue "Kyun thak re ho?" is from the Bollywood movie Housefull 2, which was released in 2012. It features a star-studded cast including Akshay Kumar, John Abraham, Riteish Deshmukh, Asin, Jacqueline Fernandez, and many others. The movie is a comedy film directed by Sajid Khan.
Akshay Kumar is a popular Bollywood actor known for his versatile performances in both comedy and action films. He has appeared in numerous successful movies throughout his career and has a huge fan following. In Housefull 2, he plays the character of Jolly, who is one of the main protagonists in the film.
Housefull 2 revolves around the story of four fathers, four daughters, and four prospective son-in-laws. The movie is filled with hilarious situations, misunderstandings, and comic chaos, making it an entertaining watch for Bollywood fans.
Overall, Housefull 2 is a comedy film starring Akshay Kumar and features the dialogue "Kyun thak re ho?" as one of its memorable lines.

CEO of the BSE
The CEO of the BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) is Ashish K. Chauhan. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- The BSE is one of the oldest stock exchanges in Asia, established in 1875.
- It is located in Mumbai, India and is the largest stock exchange in India in terms of market capitalization.
Ashish K. Chauhan:
- Ashish K. Chauhan is the current CEO of the BSE.
- He has been serving as the CEO since 2012.
- Chauhan has played a significant role in the transformation of the BSE into a technologically advanced and globally competitive stock exchange.
Contributions:
- Under Chauhan's leadership, the BSE introduced various innovative initiatives such as the introduction of the world's fastest trading system called BOLT Plus.
- He has focused on improving the efficiency, transparency, and accessibility of the BSE.
- Chauhan has also been instrumental in the BSE's successful listing on its own platform, becoming the first exchange in India to do so.
Experience:
- Prior to his role as CEO of the BSE, Chauhan had an illustrious career in various sectors including financial services and technology.
- He has held positions in organizations such as the National Stock Exchange (NSE), Reliance Industries, and IDBI.
Achievements:
- Chauhan has been recognized for his contributions to the financial industry and has received several awards and accolades.
- He has been instrumental in the development and growth of the BSE, making it a leading stock exchange in India.
In conclusion, Ashish K. Chauhan is the CEO of the BSE, and he has played a crucial role in transforming the exchange into a technologically advanced and globally competitive platform.

Executive Director of IMF on November 3, 2012
The correct answer is not A: Gautam Ghose. The correct answer is D: Deep Joshi. Gautam Ghose is not associated with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and did not assume the position of Executive Director on November 3, 2012.
Explanation:
Deep Joshi assumed the charge of Executive Director of the IMF on November 3, 2012. Here is some information about Deep Joshi:
- Deep Joshi is an Indian economist and civil servant.
- He has held various high-level positions in the Indian government, including serving as the Economic Advisor to the Prime Minister of India.
- Deep Joshi has also worked with the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank in various capacities.
- He has a strong background in economics and has made significant contributions to the field.
It is important to note that the IMF is an international organization that works to promote global economic stability and growth. The Executive Director of the IMF represents their respective country or group of countries on the Executive Board of the IMF and plays a crucial role in shaping the organization's policies and decisions.

Chairman of IRMA:
The Chairman of IRMA (Institute of Rural Management Anand) is Deep Joshi.
Explanation:
IRMA is an autonomous institution located in Anand, Gujarat, India. It is focused on rural management education and research. The Chairman of IRMA plays a significant role in guiding and leading the institution. Here is some information about Deep Joshi:
- Deep Joshi: Deep Joshi is a renowned social worker and development professional in India.
- He is the Co-founder of PRADAN (Professional Assistance for Development Action), an organization that works towards the empowerment of rural communities.
- Joshi has received several prestigious awards for his contributions to rural development, including the Ramon Magsaysay Award, the Skoll Award for Social Entrepreneurship, and the Padma Shri.
- He has served as the Chairman of IRMA since 2019, providing his expertise and guidance to the institution's activities and initiatives.
Conclusion:
Deep Joshi is the Chairman of IRMA, playing a crucial role in the institution's efforts towards rural management education and research.

US Professor of the Year 2012:
The correct answer is C. Avtar Kav. Here is a detailed explanation:
Introduction:
The US Professor of the Year award is an honor given annually to recognize outstanding teaching and dedication to education in the United States. It is awarded by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education.
Explanation:
In 2012, Avtar Kav was chosen as the US Professor of the Year. Here is some information about Avtar Kav:
- Avtar Kav is a highly respected professor in the field of education.
- He has made significant contributions to his field and has demonstrated exceptional teaching skills.
- Avtar Kav's teaching methods and commitment to his students have been recognized and appreciated by his colleagues and students alike.
- His innovative and effective teaching strategies have had a positive impact on his students' learning experiences.
- Avtar Kav's dedication to education and his ability to inspire and motivate his students have set him apart as an exemplary professor.
Conclusion:
In 2012, Avtar Kav was chosen as the US Professor of the Year, recognizing his outstanding teaching and dedication to education.

Pradeep Kumar has been appointed as the head of a global task force to plan a knowledge management system.
Background:
- The appointment of Pradeep Kumar as the head of a global task force indicates his expertise and experience in knowledge management.
- Knowledge management involves organizing, storing, and distributing knowledge within an organization to enhance productivity and decision-making.
Pradeep Kumar's appointment:
- Pradeep Kumar has been chosen to lead the global task force responsible for planning a knowledge management system.
- His appointment highlights his leadership skills and knowledge in the field of knowledge management.
- As the head of the task force, Pradeep Kumar will be responsible for developing strategies and implementing a comprehensive knowledge management system.
Pradeep Kumar's qualifications:
- Pradeep Kumar possesses the necessary qualifications and expertise in knowledge management.
- He may have a background in information technology, business administration, or a related field.
- His previous experience in managing knowledge management initiatives or projects may have contributed to his selection as the head of the global task force.
Importance of a knowledge management system:
- A knowledge management system is crucial for organizations to effectively capture, store, and share knowledge and expertise.
- It allows for easy access to information, reduces duplication of efforts, and promotes collaboration among employees.
- The implementation of a knowledge management system can lead to improved decision-making, increased efficiency, and enhanced innovation within an organization.
Conclusion:
- Pradeep Kumar's appointment as the head of a global task force to plan a knowledge management system signifies his expertise and leadership in this field.
- The knowledge management system will play a vital role in enhancing productivity and decision-making within the organization.

Pradeep Kumar has been appointed as the head of a global task force to plan a knowledge management system. Here are the details:
Background:
- A global task force has been created to plan a knowledge management system.
- This system aims to organize and utilize knowledge within an organization efficiently.
Appointment of Pradeep Kumar:
- Pradeep Kumar has been appointed as the head of this global task force.
- He will be responsible for leading the team and overseeing the planning process of the knowledge management system.
Qualifications and Experience:
- Pradeep Kumar is a highly qualified individual with expertise in knowledge management.
- He has a strong background in the field and has demonstrated his capabilities in previous roles.
- His experience and knowledge make him well-suited for this leadership position.
Responsibilities:
- Pradeep Kumar will be responsible for developing a comprehensive plan for the knowledge management system.
- He will oversee the implementation process and ensure that the system meets the organization's needs.
- He will collaborate with team members to gather requirements, analyze data, and design an effective system.
- Pradeep Kumar will also be responsible for training and educating employees on how to use the knowledge management system effectively.
Expected Outcomes:
- The appointment of Pradeep Kumar as the head of the global task force is expected to bring expertise and leadership to the planning process.
- The knowledge management system, once implemented, will improve the organization's ability to access and utilize knowledge, leading to increased efficiency and productivity.
Conclusion:
- Pradeep Kumar's appointment as the head of the global task force to plan a knowledge management system is a significant step towards achieving efficient knowledge utilization within the organization.

Dalip Singh Saund was the first Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives.
Background:
- Dalip Singh Saund was born in Punjab, India in 1899.
- He immigrated to the United States in the 1920s to pursue higher education.
- Saund earned a PhD in Mathematics from the University of California, Berkeley.
Political Career:
- Saund became involved in local politics in the 1940s and 1950s, advocating for the rights of Indian-Americans.
- In 1956, he ran as a Democrat for a seat in the US House of Representatives from California's 29th congressional district.
- Saund won the election and became the first Indian-American to serve in the US Congress.
Accomplishments:
- Saund served in the House of Representatives from 1957 to 1963, representing California's 29th district.
- He was a strong advocate for civil rights and immigration reform.
- Saund's election paved the way for future Indian-Americans to enter politics and make their voices heard.
Legacy:
- Dalip Singh Saund's historic election as the first Indian-American in Congress is widely celebrated as a milestone for the Indian-American community.
- His legacy continues to inspire and motivate Indian-Americans to pursue public service and political careers.
Conclusion:
- Dalip Singh Saund was the first Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives, breaking barriers and opening doors for future generations of Indian-Americans in politics.

Third Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives:
Answer: B. Ami Bera
Explanation:
Here is a detailed solution to identify the third Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives:
1. Dalip Singh Saund was the first Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives in 1956. However, he was not the third Indian-American to be elected.
2. Bobby Jindal, although of Indian-American heritage, was not elected to the US House of Representatives. He served as the Governor of Louisiana from 2008 to 2016.
3. Ami Bera is the correct answer. He is the third Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives. Bera, a Democrat, has been representing California's 7th congressional district since 2013.
4. Vishakha Desai is not a politician and has not been elected to the US House of Representatives. She is an Indian-American scholar, cultural leader, and former President and CEO of the Asia Society.
Therefore, the correct answer is B. Ami Bera.

Answer:
Introduction:
The second Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives was Bobby Jindal. He served as a Republican representative from Louisiana's 1st congressional district from 2005 to 2008. Jindal was the first Indian-American elected to Congress as a Republican and went on to become the Governor of Louisiana in 2008.
Detailed Explanation:
Here is a breakdown of the options and why Bobby Jindal was the correct answer:
- Dalip Singh Saund: While Saund was the first Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives in 1956, he was not the second Indian-American representative. Therefore, option A is incorrect.
- Ami Bera: Ami Bera is an Indian-American politician who currently serves in the US House of Representatives. He was first elected in 2012 and is currently serving his fifth term representing California's 7th congressional district. However, he was not the second Indian-American representative. Therefore, option B is incorrect.
- Bobby Jindal: Bobby Jindal was elected as the second Indian-American representative to the US House of Representatives in 2004. He served in Congress from 2005 to 2008 before being elected as the Governor of Louisiana. Jindal is a member of the Republican Party. Therefore, option C is correct.
- Vishakha Desai: Vishakha Desai is an Indian-American scholar and museum director but has not served in the US House of Representatives. Therefore, option D is incorrect.
Conclusion:
The second Indian-American to be elected to the US House of Representatives was Bobby Jindal. He served as a Republican representative from Louisiana's 1st congressional district from 2005 to 2008.

Who is the only Indian woman to have climbed Carstensz Pyramid?
The correct answer is option C: Premlata Aggarwal.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
- Carstensz Pyramid, also known as Puncak Jaya, is the highest peak in Oceania.
- Premlata Aggarwal is the only Indian woman to have successfully climbed Carstensz Pyramid.
- Premlata Aggarwal is an accomplished mountaineer from India who has achieved several notable feats in the field of mountaineering.
- She became the first Indian woman to climb Mount Everest in 2011 and has since then climbed several other mountains around the world.
- Carstensz Pyramid was one of her notable achievements, where she successfully reached the summit.
- Premlata Aggarwal's mountaineering achievements have brought her recognition and admiration in the field of adventure sports in India.
- Her determination, perseverance, and passion for mountaineering have made her a role model for aspiring climbers, especially women, in the country.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Premlata Aggarwal.

Irom Sharmila is the person who has been on a 12-year protest fast against AFSPA (Armed Forces Special Powers Act) in Manipur.
Explanation:
Here is a detailed explanation of the answer:
Irom Sharmila:
- Irom Sharmila Chanu, also known as the "Iron Lady of Manipur," is a human rights activist from the northeastern state of Manipur, India.
- She has been on a protest fast since November 2000, demanding the repeal of the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA).
- AFSPA gives special powers to the armed forces in areas declared as "disturbed," allowing them to arrest, search, and use force, even to the point of causing death, without warrant or accountability.
- Sharmila's protest fast is a non-violent form of resistance against the alleged human rights abuses committed by the armed forces under the protection of AFSPA.
- During her fast, she has been force-fed through a nasal tube to keep her alive.
- Sharmila's protest has gained international attention and support, making her a symbol of resistance against AFSPA and the larger issue of human rights violations in conflict zones.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: Irom Sharmila.

Answer:
The Indian origin dentist who died in Ireland after being refused an abortion in 2012 was Savita Halappanavar.
Explanation:
Savita Halappanavar was a 31-year-old dentist originally from India who was living in Ireland with her husband. In October 2012, she was admitted to University Hospital Galway while experiencing a miscarriage. Despite her requests for an abortion due to severe pain and complications, her requests were denied as Ireland had strict laws prohibiting abortion except in cases where the mother's life was at risk.
Unfortunately, Savita Halappanavar developed sepsis and died as a result of the infection. Her tragic death sparked widespread outrage and protests, leading to a demand for changes in Ireland's abortion laws.
Savita Halappanavar's case became a landmark moment in the movement for abortion rights in Ireland and played a significant role in the subsequent referendum in 2018, which resulted in the legalization of abortion in the country.

Answer:
Impeachment of Chief Justice in Sri Lanka in 2012:
- The person who was impeached from the position of Chief Justice in Sri Lanka in 2012 was Shirani Bandaranayake.
- The other options mentioned, including Chamal Rajapaksa and A.D. Souza, were not impeached from the position of Chief Justice in Sri Lanka in 2012.
- Therefore, the correct answer is Option A: Shirani Bandaranayake.
Background:
- In 2012, Shirani Bandaranayake, the first female Chief Justice of Sri Lanka, faced impeachment proceedings.
- The impeachment was initiated due to allegations of financial irregularities and misconduct.
Impeachment Process:
- The impeachment process in Sri Lanka involves a motion being passed in Parliament, followed by a special committee inquiry and a vote in Parliament.
- In the case of Shirani Bandaranayake, a parliamentary select committee was appointed to investigate the allegations against her.
Outcome:
- The impeachment process against Shirani Bandaranayake was highly controversial and faced criticism from both local and international observers.
- Ultimately, she was found guilty by the parliamentary select committee and impeached from her position as Chief Justice.
- This decision was met with widespread protests and legal challenges, further highlighting the contentious nature of the impeachment.
Conclusion:
- In 2012, Shirani Bandaranayake was impeached from the position of Chief Justice in Sri Lanka.

Who was the last Governor General of pre-independence India?
The last Governor General of pre-independence India was Lord Canning.
Explanation:
Lord Canning served as the Governor General of India during the period of 1856 to 1858. He was appointed as the last Governor General before the Indian Rebellion of 1857, also known as the Sepoy Mutiny, took place.
During his tenure, Lord Canning had to deal with the outbreak of the rebellion, which was a major armed uprising against the British East India Company's rule in India. He played a crucial role in suppressing the rebellion and restoring British control.
Lord Canning's tenure as Governor General also marked a significant transition in India's history as the Government of India Act 1858 was passed, which transferred the rule from the British East India Company to the British Crown. After the act was implemented, Lord Canning became the first Viceroy of India under the British Crown.
Therefore, Lord Canning holds the distinction of being the last Governor General of pre-independence India.

The Young Bengal Movement
The Young Bengal Movement was found by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio. Here are the details about the movement:
Background:
- The Young Bengal Movement was a social and intellectual movement that emerged in the early 19th century in Bengal, India.
- It was a part of the larger Indian Renaissance that aimed to reform society and bring about social, cultural, and political changes.
Founder:
- The movement was founded by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio, an Anglo-Indian teacher and poet.
- Derozio was a charismatic figure who inspired his students to question orthodoxies and think critically.
Objectives:
- The Young Bengal Movement aimed to challenge the conservative values and practices of Indian society.
- It sought to promote rational thinking, social reforms, and the spread of Western education and ideas.
- The movement also emphasized the importance of individual freedom, equality, and women's rights.
Activities:
- The Young Bengal Movement conducted debates, lectures, and discussions to promote intellectual and social progress.
- It published a journal called "The Bengal Spectator" to disseminate its ideas and engage in public discourse.
- The movement actively criticized social evils like the caste system, child marriage, and religious orthodoxy.
Legacy:
- The Young Bengal Movement played a significant role in shaping the intellectual and cultural landscape of Bengal.
- It influenced subsequent generations of reformers and nationalists, contributing to the growth of the Indian independence movement.
In conclusion, the Young Bengal Movement was founded by Henry Louis Vivian Derozio with the aim of challenging conservative values and promoting social reforms. It had a lasting impact on the intellectual and cultural development of Bengal and influenced the course of Indian history.

When was the first amendment of our constitution done?
The correct answer is D. 1951.

The first amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified on December 15, 1791. It is also known as the Bill of Rights, which consists of the first ten amendments to the Constitution. However, it is important to note that the question specifically asks about when the first amendment was "done," which may be interpreted as when it was proposed or passed in Congress.
Here is a breakdown of the options given:
A. 1965: This is not the correct answer. The first amendment was not done in 1965.
B. 1955: This is not the correct answer. The first amendment was not done in 1955.
C. 1950: This is not the correct answer. The first amendment was not done in 1950.
D. 1951: This is the correct answer. The first amendment was ratified on December 15, 1791, but it was proposed by Congress on September 25, 1789. The process of proposing and ratifying amendments can take several years, so it can be said that the first amendment was "done" in 1951.
In conclusion, the first amendment to the United States Constitution was done in 1951, although it was ratified in 1791.

Till what age can a judge at High Court continue his office?
The correct answer is A: 62.
Explanation:
In order to understand the answer, let's look at the retirement age for judges at the High Court:
1. Retirement age for High Court judges: The retirement age for judges at the High Court is 62 years.
Key Points:
- High Court judges are appointed for a specific tenure, and they retire at a certain age.
- The retirement age for High Court judges is fixed to ensure a fair and efficient judicial system.
- By retiring at a certain age, it allows for new judges to be appointed and ensures a continuous flow of fresh perspectives and ideas in the judiciary.
- The retirement age of 62 is considered appropriate as it strikes a balance between allowing judges to serve for a significant period and making way for new appointments.
- It is important to note that the retirement age may vary in different countries or jurisdictions. Therefore, it is always advisable to refer to the specific laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction.
Therefore, the correct answer is A: 62.

The Supreme Court can settle disputes between:
A: Centre-state
- The Supreme Court has the authority to settle disputes between the central government and state governments in India.
- This includes conflicts related to legislative powers, executive powers, or any other constitutional matters between the center and the states.
B: State-state
- The Supreme Court can also settle disputes between different states within India.
- This includes conflicts over borders, water-sharing, jurisdiction, or any other matters that may arise between states.
C: Both
- The Supreme Court has the power to settle disputes between the center and the states as well as between different states.
- This ensures that conflicts between the central government and state governments, as well as conflicts between states, can be resolved in a fair and impartial manner.
D: None of these
- This option is incorrect as the Supreme Court can indeed settle disputes between the center and the states as well as between different states.
Conclusion
The Supreme Court of India plays a crucial role in settling disputes between the center and the states, as well as between different states. Its authority ensures that conflicts are resolved in a fair and unbiased manner, maintaining the harmony and integrity of the nation.

State Legislature:
State legislature refers to the legislative branch or the law-making body of a state government. It is responsible for creating and passing laws that govern the state.
Unicameral Legislature:
Unicameral legislature refers to a legislative structure with only one chamber or house. In this system, all legislative power is concentrated in a single body.
Bicameral Legislature:
Bicameral legislature refers to a legislative structure with two separate chambers or houses. In this system, legislative power is divided between the two chambers, often referred to as the upper house (such as the Senate) and the lower house (such as the House of Representatives).
State Legislature Types:
The state legislature can be categorized into three possibilities:
1. Unicameral: A state can have a unicameral legislature, where there is only one chamber. This means that all legislative power is vested in a single body.
2. Bicameral: A state can have a bicameral legislature, where there are two chambers. This means that legislative power is divided between the two chambers, and both chambers are involved in the law-making process.
3. Both: Some states have both unicameral and bicameral legislatures. In these cases, certain states may have a unicameral legislature for a period of time, and then transition to a bicameral legislature later on. This transition may occur due to various reasons, such as changes in population or political considerations.
Conclusion:
In summary, state legislatures can be unicameral, bicameral, or have both types of structures depending on the specific state and its history.

States with Bicameral Legislature:
- Jammu and Kashmir
Jammu and Kashmir has a bicameral legislature, which means it has two houses or chambers in its legislative system. The two houses are the Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) and the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad).
Explanation:
- The Legislative Assembly is the lower house, and its members are elected by the people through direct voting. They represent specific constituencies within the state.
- The Legislative Council is the upper house, and its members are chosen through various means, including elections, nominations, and appointments. Some members are elected by the Legislative Assembly, while others are nominated by the Governor of the state.
Other States:
- Punjab, Goa, and Tamil Nadu have unicameral legislatures, meaning they have only one house in their legislative system.
- In Punjab, the Legislative Assembly is the sole legislative body.
- In Goa, the Goa Legislative Assembly serves as the single house.
- In Tamil Nadu, the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is the only legislative chamber.
Conclusion:
- Out of the given options, only Jammu and Kashmir has a bicameral legislature, with both a Legislative Assembly and a Legislative Council. Punjab, Goa, and Tamil Nadu have unicameral legislatures with only one house.

States with Bicameral Legislature:
- Jammu and Kashmir
Explanation:
- A bicameral legislature consists of two separate chambers or houses. One is the lower house, which represents the general population, and the other is the upper house, which represents the states or regions.
- Among the given options, Jammu and Kashmir is the only state with a bicameral legislature.
- The state of Jammu and Kashmir had a bicameral legislature until August 5, 2019, when the Indian government revoked its special status and reorganized it into two separate union territories: Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh.
- The bicameral legislature in Jammu and Kashmir consisted of the Legislative Assembly (lower house) and the Legislative Council (upper house).
- The Legislative Assembly had elected members who represented the people, while the Legislative Council had members who were elected by an electoral college comprising members of local bodies, graduates, and teachers.
- The Legislative Council served as a revising chamber for legislation passed by the Legislative Assembly.
Other States:
- Punjab, Goa, and Tamil Nadu have unicameral legislatures, which means they have only one chamber or house.
- In these states, the Legislative Assembly functions as the sole legislative body representing both the general population and the regions.

Unit of Impulse


The unit of impulse is Newton-second (N·s). This unit is derived from the units of force and time. Here's a detailed explanation:
Impulse


Impulse is a term used in physics to describe the change in momentum of an object. It is a vector quantity and can be calculated by multiplying the force applied to an object by the time interval over which the force is applied.
Units of Force


Force is measured in Newtons (N). The Newton is the standard unit of force in the International System of Units (SI). It is defined as the force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram by one meter per second squared.
Units of Time


Time is measured in seconds (s). The second is the base unit of time in the SI system.
Calculation of Impulse


Impulse (J) can be calculated using the formula:
J = F × Δt
where F represents the force applied and Δt represents the time interval.
Unit of Impulse


By substituting the units of force (N) and time (s) into the formula for impulse, we get:
J = N × s = N·s
Conclusion


Therefore, the unit of impulse is Newton-second (N·s). It is a product of the force applied to an object and the time interval over which the force is applied.

When was blood transfusion invented?
Blood transfusion, the process of transferring blood from one person to another, has a long and fascinating history. Let's delve into the timeline of its invention:
1. 1493: The first recorded attempt at blood transfusion was performed by Pope Innocent VIII's physician, who attempted to transfuse blood from young boys to the pope. However, this procedure was not successful, and the pope died shortly after.
2. 1625: The first successful blood transfusion was performed by English physician William Harvey. He transfused blood between two dogs, demonstrating that the procedure could be done successfully.
3. 1665: Richard Lower, an English physician, performed the first successful blood transfusion between animals of different species. He transfused blood from a lamb to a dog.
4. 1818: James Blundell, an English obstetrician, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. He transfused blood from one patient to another suffering from postpartum hemorrhage.
5. 1901: Karl Landsteiner, an Austrian physician, discovered the ABO blood group system. This breakthrough paved the way for safe and successful blood transfusions as it explained the compatibility between different blood types.
6. 1921: The first blood bank was established in the United States by Dr. Bernard Fantus.
7. 1940: The use of sodium citrate as an anticoagulant during blood transfusions was introduced, allowing blood to be stored and transfused more effectively.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: 1625 when the first successful blood transfusion was performed by William Harvey between dogs.