Olympiad Test Level 2: World Polity- 2 - Class 7 MCQ

General Nature of the Specialized Agencies of the UN:
The specialized agencies of the United Nations (UN) are international organizations that operate independently but work in close cooperation with the UN. These agencies are created to address specific global issues and provide expertise, resources, and services in their respective fields. The general nature of these specialized agencies can be summarized as follows:
1. Membership:
- Most states are members of these specialized agencies.
- They have their own membership criteria and admission procedures.
2. Relationship with the UN:
- All the specialized agencies have been brought into a relationship with the UN through special agreements or treaties.
- These agreements define the nature of cooperation and collaboration between the agencies and the UN.
3. Constitution or Charter:
- Each specialized agency has its own constitution or charter that outlines its duties, functions, structure, and governance.
- The constitution or charter is approved by the member states and provides the legal framework for the agency's operations.
4. Autonomy:
- The specialized agencies operate autonomously and have their own decision-making processes.
- While they cooperate with the UN, they have their own governing bodies and administrative structures.
5. Areas of Expertise:
- The specialized agencies cover a wide range of areas, including health (e.g., World Health Organization), labor (e.g., International Labour Organization), education (e.g., United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), and more.
- Each agency focuses on its specific field and works towards achieving the goals set in their respective mandates.
6. Global Impact:
- The specialized agencies play a crucial role in addressing global challenges and promoting international cooperation.
- Through their expertise and resources, they contribute to the development, protection, and well-being of people worldwide.
In conclusion, the specialized agencies of the UN are membership-based organizations that operate autonomously under their own constitutions or charters. They work in close cooperation with the UN, addressing specific global issues and providing expertise in their respective fields. These agencies play a vital role in promoting international cooperation and achieving the goals set by the UN.

The correct answer is B: Security Council.
The Security Council is the UN body that exercises all functions of the UN relating to strategic areas, including the approval of the terms of the trusteeship agreements and their alteration or amendment. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Role of the UN General Assembly:
- The UN General Assembly is the main deliberative body of the UN, where all member states have equal representation.
- It discusses and makes recommendations on various issues but does not have the authority to exercise functions related to trusteeship agreements.
2. Role of the Security Council:
- The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security.
- It has the power to establish and administer trusteeship agreements for strategic areas under its authority.
- Trusteeship agreements are established for territories that are not self-governing and require international supervision until they can govern themselves.
3. Approval of trusteeship agreements:
- The Security Council approves the terms of trusteeship agreements, which outline the responsibilities and obligations of the administering authority and the trusteeship territory.
- This approval ensures that the agreements are in line with the UN Charter and international law.
4. Alteration or amendment of trusteeship agreements:
- The Security Council also has the authority to alter or amend trusteeship agreements if necessary.
- This allows the Council to adapt the agreements to changing circumstances or address any issues that may arise during the trusteeship period.
In conclusion, the Security Council is the UN body that exercises all functions related to strategic areas, including the approval, alteration, or amendment of trusteeship agreements.

League of Nations
- The League of Nations was the organization that led the foundation towards the formation of the International society nations.
- It was established after World War I in 1920 and aimed to maintain peace and prevent future conflicts.
- The League of Nations was the first intergovernmental organization with a broad global membership.
- Its primary goal was to promote international cooperation and resolve disputes through peaceful means.
- The League of Nations played a significant role in the development of international law, disarmament efforts, and the protection of minority rights.
- However, it faced challenges in effectively dealing with major conflicts, such as the Manchurian and Abyssinian crises, which ultimately led to its dissolution.
- Despite its shortcomings, the League of Nations laid the groundwork for the establishment of its successor, the United Nations, in 1945.

The United Nations Secretariat is one of the main organs of the United Nations and is responsible for the administration and coordination of the organization's activities. It is headed by the Secretary-General, who is appointed by the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council.
The Secretariat consists of various departments and offices that perform specific functions to support the work of the United Nations. These include:
1. Departments:
- Department of Political and Peacebuilding Affairs
- Department of Peace Operations
- Department of Economic and Social Affairs
- Department of General Assembly and Conference Management
- Department of Management Strategy, Policy and Compliance
- Department of Global Communications
- Department of Safety and Security
2. Offices:
- Office of Legal Affairs
- Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
- Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights
- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- Office of the United Nations High Representative for Least Developed Countries, Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States
- Office of Internal Oversight Services
- Office of the Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide
- Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict
- Office of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children
- Office of the Special Envoy for Yemen
- Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General for the Great Lakes Region
- Office of the Special Envoy of the Secretary-General on Myanmar
In addition to the departments and offices, the Secretariat also includes specialized agencies and related organizations, such as the World Health Organization (WHO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). However, these agencies and organizations are not part of the Secretariat itself.
Overall, the Secretariat plays a crucial role in supporting the work of the United Nations and ensuring the effective functioning of the organization.

Principal Functions of the International Labour Organization:
The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that aims to promote social justice and improve working conditions globally. Its principal functions include:
1. Formulation of International Standards:
The ILO formulates international labor conventions and recommendations that establish standards for labor rights, employment, social protection, and other related issues. These standards provide a framework for countries to develop their national labor laws and policies.
2. Promotion of Decent Work:
The ILO promotes the concept of "decent work," which encompasses opportunities for productive work, fair income, social protection, and social dialogue. It works towards ensuring that workers have access to safe and healthy working conditions, fair wages, and protection against discrimination and exploitation.
3. Technical Assistance and Capacity Building:
The ILO provides technical assistance and expertise to member states to help them implement and improve labor standards and policies. It assists in capacity building by providing training, guidance, and support to governments, employers, and workers' organizations.
4. Research and Publication:
The ILO conducts research on various labor-related topics and publishes reports, studies, and statistical data to provide insights into labor trends, challenges, and potential solutions. Its research serves as a valuable resource for governments, employers, workers, and researchers.
5. Promotion of Social Dialogue:
The ILO encourages social dialogue between governments, employers, and workers' organizations to address labor issues collectively. It promotes tripartite consultations and negotiations to foster cooperation, resolve conflicts, and develop policies that benefit all stakeholders.
6. Monitoring and Compliance:
The ILO monitors the implementation of its standards by member states through regular reporting and review mechanisms. It provides technical advice and support to ensure compliance with international labor standards and addresses any violations or shortcomings.
7. Advocacy and Awareness:
The ILO advocates for the rights and well-being of workers globally. It raises awareness about labor issues, promotes the ratification and implementation of its conventions, and works towards eliminating forced labor, child labor, and other forms of exploitation.
Overall, the International Labour Organization plays a crucial role in setting international labor standards, promoting decent work, providing technical assistance, conducting research, facilitating social dialogue, monitoring compliance, and advocating for the rights of workers worldwide.

Answer:
Introduction:
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is an international organization consisting of countries that are not aligned with any major power bloc. It was founded in 1961 during the Cold War and aimed to promote the principles of non-alignment, national independence, and sovereignty.
Identification of the non-founder member:
Among the given options, the country that is not a founder member of NAM is Egypt.
Explanation:
The founding members of NAM were those countries that attended the first Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, in 1961. Egypt, however, did not attend this conference and therefore is not considered a founder member of NAM.
Founder members of NAM:
The founder members of NAM include:
- Yugoslavia (now known as Serbia and Montenegro)
- Indonesia
- Pakistan
- India
- Sri Lanka
- Burma (now known as Myanmar)
- Egypt did not attend the conference and is not a founder member.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, Egypt is the country that is not a founder member of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM). The other options mentioned, Yugoslavia, Indonesia, and Pakistan, are all founder members of NAM.

International Organizations Dealing with Refugees

There are several international organizations that deal with refugees. Among them, the following organization specifically focuses on refugee issues:

• UNHCR (United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees): UNHCR is the main organization responsible for protecting and supporting refugees worldwide. It provides assistance to refugees, promotes their rights, and seeks durable solutions for their situations.

Other international organizations may also be involved in providing support to refugees indirectly or in specific aspects of their displacement, such as education or child protection. However, the UNHCR is the primary organization dedicated to addressing the needs and rights of refugees globally.

Here are some other international organizations that work on related issues, but not exclusively focused on refugees:

• UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization): UNESCO aims to promote peace, human rights, and sustainable development through education, culture, and science. While it may indirectly support refugee education, it does not primarily focus on refugee issues.


• UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund): UNICEF works to protect the rights and well-being of children globally. While it may provide support to refugee children, its mandate extends beyond refugees to all children in need.


• UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development): UNCTAD focuses on promoting sustainable development and inclusive globalization. It does not have a specific mandate related to refugees.

Therefore, among the given options, only UNHCR is the international organization that directly deals with refugee issues.

 It is issued by World Health Organization.

Organizations associated with UNO:
- ILO (International Labour Organization)
- WHO (World Health Organization)
- ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)
Explanation:
The United Nations Organization (UNO) is an international organization that was founded in 1945. It consists of multiple specialized agencies, programs, and other affiliated organizations. These organizations work together with the UNO to address various global issues and promote international cooperation.
- ILO: The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the UNO that focuses on labor issues. It sets international labor standards, promotes social justice, and provides assistance to member states in improving their labor conditions.
- WHO: The World Health Organization is another specialized agency of the UNO. It is responsible for international public health and works to combat diseases, improve healthcare systems, and promote overall health and well-being.
- ASEAN: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional organization that promotes economic, political, and social cooperation among its member states in Southeast Asia. While ASEAN collaborates with the UNO on certain issues, it is not directly associated with the UNO.
Answer: C: ASEAN is not associated with UNO.

The aim of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is to promote regional cooperation through economic, social, and cultural development.
SAARC was established in 1985 and consists of eight member countries: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Its primary objective is to enhance cooperation among South Asian countries in various areas such as trade, investment, agriculture, industry, energy, and tourism.
Here are the key points regarding the aim of SAARC:
1. Economic Cooperation: SAARC aims to promote economic cooperation among member countries by fostering trade liberalization, improving market access, and facilitating regional integration. It focuses on removing trade barriers, promoting investments, and enhancing regional connectivity.
2. Social Development: SAARC aims to address social issues such as poverty alleviation, healthcare, education, and human resource development. It seeks to enhance collaboration in these areas to uplift the standard of living and well-being of the people in the region.
3. Cultural Development: SAARC recognizes the importance of cultural diversity and aims to promote cultural exchanges and understanding among member countries. It organizes various cultural events, festivals, and exhibitions to showcase the rich heritage and traditions of South Asia.
4. Peace and Stability: While promoting economic and social development, SAARC also aims to foster peace, stability, and security in the region. It encourages dialogue, cooperation, and mutual understanding among member countries to resolve conflicts and maintain peaceful relations.
5. Regional Integration: SAARC seeks to enhance regional integration by promoting cooperation in various sectors and facilitating the movement of goods, services, and people within the region. It aims to create a common platform for South Asian countries to work together for their mutual benefit.
In conclusion, the aim of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is to promote regional cooperation through economic, social, and cultural development. It strives to enhance collaboration among member countries in various sectors and foster peace, stability, and integration in the South Asian region.