Olympiad Test Level 1: World Geography- 2 - Class 7 MCQ

Explanation:
Introduction:
A fold mountain is a type of landform that is formed through the process of plate tectonics. It occurs when two crustal plates interact in a specific manner.
Process of Fold Mountain Formation:
Fold mountains are created when two crustal plates collide with each other. This collision leads to the deformation of the Earth's crust, resulting in the formation of fold mountains.
Convergence of Crustal Plates:
When two crustal plates converge, it means that they are moving towards each other. This can occur in two different ways:
- Continental-continental convergence: When two continental plates collide, neither plate can be subducted because they have similar densities. As a result, the crust buckles and folds, forming fold mountains. Examples include the Himalayas and the Appalachian Mountains.
- Continental-oceanic convergence: When a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate, the denser oceanic plate is subducted beneath the lighter continental plate. The crust is compressed and folded, leading to the formation of fold mountains. Examples include the Andes Mountains and the Cascade Range.
Conclusion:
In summary, fold mountains are formed when two crustal plates collide with each other. This collision causes the crust to buckle and fold, resulting in the creation of fold mountains.

Plateaus are also known as
There are several options given to choose from to answer the question. Let's analyze each option to determine the correct answer:
A: Flat-topped mountain
- A plateau is not a mountain, although it may have mountainous regions within it.
- This option is incorrect.
B: Tableland mountain
- A tableland refers to a large elevated area with a flat or gently sloping surface.
- This option is incorrect, as a plateau is not specifically a type of mountain.
C: Piles of magma
- This option is incorrect as it does not accurately describe a plateau.
- A plateau is a flat or gently sloping elevated area of land, typically found at a higher elevation than the surrounding land.
D: Both (a) and (b)
- This option is incorrect as neither option (a) nor option (b) accurately describes a plateau.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C: Piles of magma.

Roof of the World: Pamir Plateau
The plateau known as the "Roof of the World" is the Pamir Plateau. Here are some key points explaining why:
Location:
- The Pamir Plateau is located in Central Asia, primarily in Tajikistan and parts of Afghanistan, China, and Kyrgyzstan.
- It is situated at the junction of the Himalayas, Karakoram, Hindu Kush, and Tian Shan mountain ranges.
Elevation:
- The Pamir Plateau is one of the highest plateaus in the world, with an average elevation of around 4,500 meters (14,800 feet).
- It is also home to many peaks exceeding 7,000 meters (23,000 feet), including Kongur Tagh and Ismoil Somoni Peak.
Geological Significance:
- The plateau is a result of tectonic activity, where the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates has led to the uplifting of the land.
- This geological process has contributed to the formation of towering mountain ranges and high-altitude plateaus in the region.
Cultural Importance:
- The Pamir Plateau has been a significant crossroads for trade and cultural exchange between Central Asia, China, and the Indian subcontinent.
- It has been traversed by ancient Silk Road routes, connecting various civilizations and facilitating the exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies.
Challenges:
- The extreme altitude and harsh climate of the Pamir Plateau present significant challenges for human habitation and economic activities.
- The region is sparsely populated, with nomadic herding and limited agriculture being the primary means of livelihood.
In conclusion, the Pamir Plateau is known as the "Roof of the World" due to its high elevation, geological significance, role in cultural exchange, and the challenges it presents to human habitation.

Through which country does the Mekong River pass?
The Mekong River is one of the longest rivers in Southeast Asia, spanning over 4,350 kilometers. It passes through several countries, but the main one it flows through is China.
China:
- The Mekong River originates in the Tibetan Plateau in China.
- It flows through the Yunnan Province and forms a significant part of the China-Laos border.
- The river is known as Lancang Jiang in China.
Other countries through which the Mekong River passes include:
Myanmar:
- The river forms the border between Myanmar and Laos for a short stretch.
Thailand:
- The Mekong River flows along the border between Thailand and Laos.
- It passes through the northeastern part of Thailand, known as the Isaan region.
Laos:
- Laos is one of the main countries through which the Mekong River passes.
- It flows through many provinces in Laos, including Luang Prabang and Vientiane.
Cambodia:
- The Mekong River continues its journey through Cambodia, passing through the capital city, Phnom Penh.
- It is an essential waterway for transportation and supports the agriculture and fishing industries in the country.
Vietnam:
- The Mekong River Delta in Vietnam is the final destination of the river.
- It splits into various distributaries, forming a vast network of canals and waterways.
- The delta is known for its fertile lands and is often referred to as the "Rice Bowl" of Vietnam.
In conclusion, the Mekong River passes through several countries, including China, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. However, China is the primary country through which the river flows.

The deepest ocean 'Mariana Trench' is located in the Western North Pacific.
Explanation:
- The Mariana Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans, reaching a depth of about 36,070 feet (10,994 meters).
- It is located in the Western North Pacific Ocean, east of the Mariana Islands.
- The Mariana Trench forms part of the Pacific Ring of Fire, which is a region of active volcanoes and tectonic plate boundaries.
- The trench is a result of the collision between two tectonic plates, the Pacific Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate.
- The Pacific Plate is subducting beneath the Philippine Sea Plate, creating a deep trench in the ocean floor.
- The Mariana Trench is known for its extreme depth and unique ecosystem, with organisms adapted to survive in the high-pressure and low-light conditions.
- Several scientific expeditions have been conducted to explore the Mariana Trench and study its geology, biology, and hydrology.
- The location of the Mariana Trench in the Western North Pacific makes it a significant feature of the Pacific Ocean and contributes to our understanding of Earth's geology and oceanography.

To determine which ocean is between Africa and Australia, let's analyze the given options one by one:
A: Indian Ocean
- The Indian Ocean is located between Africa and Australia.
- It is the third-largest ocean in the world.
- It is bounded by the African continent to the west, the Indian subcontinent to the north, and Australia to the east.
B: Arctic Ocean
- The Arctic Ocean is located in the Arctic region, primarily in the Northern Hemisphere.
- It is situated around the North Pole, far from Africa and Australia.
- Thus, it is not the ocean between the two continents.
C: South Atlantic Ocean
- The South Atlantic Ocean is situated between South America and Africa.
- It does not lie between Africa and Australia.
- Hence, it is not the correct answer.
D: South Pacific Ocean
- The South Pacific Ocean is located to the east of Australia and stretches towards South America.
- It does not lie between Africa and Australia.
- Therefore, it is not the ocean between the two continents.
Hence, the correct answer is A: Indian Ocean.

Maximum depth of the Red Sea:

• Option A: 2,250 km


• Option B: 5,350 km


• Option C: 4,250 km


• Option D: None of these

The correct answer is Option D: None of these.

The maximum depth of the Red Sea is not given in the options provided. The actual maximum depth of the Red Sea is approximately 2,250 meters or 7,382 feet.

The Red Sea is a saltwater inlet between Africa and Asia, and it is considered one of the most saline bodies of water in the world. It stretches approximately 1,900 kilometers (1,180 miles) in length and has a width varying from 200 to 300 kilometers (124 to 186 miles).

The depth of the Red Sea can vary along its length, but the maximum depth is around 2,250 meters. This depth is found in the central parts of the sea, particularly in the area known as the Central Trough.

It is important to note that the Red Sea's depth can change over time due to geological processes and movements of tectonic plates.

Country Known as Hermit Kingdom: Korea
The country known as the Hermit Kingdom is Korea. Here is a detailed explanation of why Korea is referred to by this name:
1. Historical Background:
- The term "Hermit Kingdom" was originally used in the 19th century to describe Korea's isolationist policies during the Joseon Dynasty.
- The Joseon Dynasty (1392-1897) implemented strict regulations to limit outside contact and maintain internal stability.
- These policies led to limited foreign trade, restricted travel, and a strong emphasis on maintaining traditional Korean culture.
2. Isolationist Policies:
- Korea's isolationist policies were reinforced by the Joseon government's fear of foreign invasion and influence.
- The Korean rulers aimed to preserve their culture, traditions, and independence by reducing contact with the outside world.
- The country's isolationist stance resulted in limited diplomatic relations and minimal engagement with foreign powers.
3. Limited Foreign Influence:
- Korea's isolationist policies allowed little external influence, including limited exposure to Western ideas, technologies, and trade.
- The country remained relatively closed off from international interactions, resulting in a lack of cultural exchange and modernization.
4. Modern Usage:
- The term "Hermit Kingdom" is still occasionally used to refer to North Korea due to its continued isolationist policies and restricted access to the country.
- North Korea's authoritarian government, led by the Kim dynasty, maintains strict control over the flow of information and limits external interactions.
5. Symbolic Representation:
- The term "Hermit Kingdom" symbolizes Korea's historical and current tendencies towards isolation and limited engagement with the outside world.
- It highlights the unique and distinct cultural identity that has been preserved in Korea despite external pressures.
In conclusion, Korea is known as the Hermit Kingdom due to its historical isolationist policies and limited engagement with the outside world. This term represents Korea's efforts to maintain its cultural identity and independence throughout history.

Loneliest Island: Tristan da Cunha
Explanation:
Tristan da Cunha is known as the world's loneliest island due to its remote location and limited population. Here's a detailed explanation:
1. Tristan da Cunha:
- Tristan da Cunha is an isolated archipelago located in the South Atlantic Ocean.
- It is the most remote inhabited island in the world, situated about 2,000 miles off the coast of South Africa.
- The main island, also called Tristan da Cunha, has a population of approximately 250 people.
- The island is known for its rugged landscape, including volcanic peaks and unique wildlife.
2. Svalbard:
- Svalbard is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean, located between mainland Norway and the North Pole.
- While it is remote and sparsely populated, it is not considered the loneliest island.
- Svalbard has several settlements and research stations, as well as a larger population compared to Tristan da Cunha.
3. Ha'apai Islands:
- The Ha'apai Islands are a group of islands located in Tonga, in the South Pacific Ocean.
- While they may be relatively isolated, they are not considered the loneliest island.
- The Ha'apai Islands have a population and are part of the Kingdom of Tonga.
4. Samso:
- Samso is an island located in Denmark, in the Baltic Sea.
- It is known for its renewable energy initiatives and sustainable practices.
- While it may be a small and remote island, it is not considered the loneliest island.
In conclusion, Tristan da Cunha is recognized as the world's loneliest island due to its extreme remoteness and limited population.

Location of Al Aziziyah, the hottest place on the earth
Answer: The hottest place on Earth, Al Aziziyah, is located in Libya.
Detailed solution:
Here is a detailed explanation of the location of Al Aziziyah in Libya:
- Al Aziziyah: Al Aziziyah is a small town located in the Jafara district of northwest Libya. It is situated about 41 kilometers (25 miles) southwest of the country's capital, Tripoli.
- Hottest place on Earth: Al Aziziyah holds the record for the highest temperature ever recorded on Earth. On September 13, 1922, the temperature in Al Aziziyah soared to a scorching 58.0 degrees Celsius (136.4 degrees Fahrenheit), making it the highest temperature ever reliably measured.
- Geographical location: Libya is a country in North Africa, bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north. It is situated between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, Algeria to the west, and Tunisia to the northwest.
- Climate: Libya has a predominantly arid desert climate, with hot summers and mild winters. The country experiences high temperatures throughout the year, especially in the desert regions.
- Other notable features: Apart from being known for its extreme temperatures, Libya is also home to diverse landscapes, including the Sahara Desert in the south and the Mediterranean coastline in the north.
In conclusion, Al Aziziyah, the hottest place on Earth, is located in Libya.