Important Questions (1 Mark): Development - Grade 10 MCQ

• Literacy rate in India is uneven and as such, different States and Union Territories of India have differences in their literacy rates.
• The following table shows the 2011 and 2001 census data on total literacy rate, male literacy rate, female literacy rate and decadal difference in percentage.  
• Bihar has the lowest total literacy rate and male literacy rates while Rajasthan has the lowest female literacy rate. Literacy figures are collected by census takers which essentially means literacy (or lack thereof ) is self assessed. 

• The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic (composite index) of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
• A country scores higher HDI when the lifespan is higher, the education level is higher, and the GDP per capita is higher.
• The HDI was developed by Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq for the UNDP.

• There is no single definition that can define the term economic growth.
• However, there are various indicators that explain the term.

• Non-renewable energy sources come out of the ground as liquids, gases, and solids.
• We use crude oil to make liquid petroleum products such as gasoline, diesel fuel, and heating oil.
• Propane and other hydrocarbon gas liquids, such as butane and ethane, are found in natural gas and crude oil.

• Sri Lanka is far more developed than India and is the most developed nation in South Asia.
• Sri Lanka: Life Expectancy is 77. 9 years for both genders (10% higher than the world average). India: 68 years [women 69.6, men 67.3]

• GDP per capita is an important indicator of economic performance and a useful unit to make cross-country comparisons of average living standards and economic wellbeing.
• However, GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income and using it for cross-country comparisons also has some known weaknesses.
• In particular, GDP per capita does not take into account income distribution in a country. 

Apart from income, educational levels of the people and their health status are considered as measures to compare economic development of a nation.
(i) Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) : This indicates the number of children that die before the age of one year as a proportion of 1,000 live children born in that particular year. ‘
(ii) Literacy Rate : This measures the proportion of literate population in the 7 years and above age group.
(iii) Net Attendance Ratio : This is the total number of children of age group 6-10 attending school as a percentage of total number of children in the same age group.
(iv) Life Expectancy at birth : It denotes average expected length of life of a person at the time of birth.

Child mortality is the probability per 1,000 live births that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five under current age-specific mortality patterns. 

Infant mortality is defined as the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births.

Low-income countries: These countries had per capita incomes of $935 or less in 2007. There were 49 countries in this category. About 20% of the world’s total population of about 6.5 billion people lived in low-income countries in 2007.

Common development goals are those goals which are common among all individuals.All individuals may opt for these goals in life.For example, a good job with job security and other facilities like medical insurance, provident fund etc.In a way we can say that income is the common development goal for all individuals.

There are structural issues like lack of appropriate facility at primary centres, delays in referring patients [to specialists] and lack of transportation which lead to high infant deaths.” IndiaSpend analysed health data from 13 states to understand why so many infants and children die across the country.

Sri Lanka has the more better performance regarding the human development than India. 

Sri Lanka is the island of the nation of south India in the Indian ocean. 

It has the landscapes from the rain forests and the plains from the high lands and the beaches.

The development of a country is generally determined by its per capita income, its average literacy level and health status of the people in the country. 

Development of the country is a broad term that develops the per capita income, and living standard of the people. 

It also decreases the poverty level, crime rate and illiteracy of among the people.

Haryana has the highest per capita income and Bihar is at the bottom. This means that, on an average, a person in Haryana earned Rs 2,36,147 in one year whereas, on an average, a person in Bihar earned only around Rs 40,982. So, if per capita income were to be used as the measure of development, Haryana will be considered the most developed and Bihar the least developed state of the three.

India is considered a low middle-income country because its per capita income in 2019 was US$ 6700 per annum. This income level is within the range that defines low middle-income countries, distinguishing them from high-income (developed) countries which have significantly higher per capita incomes.

The year 1921 is called a Great Divide in the demographic history of India because it is the only census year when there was decline{decrease} in growth of population. After 1921, there has been a trend of continuous rise in population.

Balanced diet
The Eatwell Guide shows that to have a healthy, balanced diet, people should try to: eat 5 A Day. base meals on starchy foods like potatoes, bread, rice or pasta. have some dairy or dairy alternatives (such as soya drinks) eat some beans, pulses, fish, eggs, meat and other protein.

Nutritious diet

A healthy diet is a diet that helps to maintain or improve overall health. A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition: fluid, macronutrients, micronutrients, and adequate calories.

There are many fad diets that create confusion about what is healthy and create unnecessary alarm about what might be unhealthy; these diets are aggressively marketed.

Health facilities

Health facilities are places that provide health care. They include hospitals, clinics, outpatient care centers, and specialized care centers, such as birthing centers and psychiatric care centers.

Groundwater includes borewells, wells , pipelines,and many others. So, in India, their overuse is one-third of the country.

1) By dividing the total income of the nation by its total population, we obtain the average income, also known as per capita income.
2) Per capita income is one of the measures of development of a country.

Kerala has low infant mortality rate because it mainly concentrates on human resource development. It has also made many provisions on developing the quality of education and medicl facilities.