Political Science: CUET Mock Test - 1 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states, of which 28 are in Europe and the other 2 in North America. On 4th April, 1949.

The US and the USSR decided to collaborate in limiting or eliminating certain kinds of nuclear and non-nuclear weapons. A stable balance of weapon, they decided, could be maintained through 'arms control'. Starting in the 1960s, the two sides signed significant agreements, namely, Limited Test Ban Treaty, Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

With Cuba's proximity to the United States, Castro and his regime became an important Cold War ally for the Soviets. The relationship was for the most part economic, with the Soviet Union providing military, economic, and political assistance to Cuba

The Anti-arrack Movement was started in Andhra Pradesh and demanded prohibition on the sale of arrack (alcohol). 'Dalit Panthers' was the organisation with the aim to unite the Dalits and to bring them into their fold.

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis of 1962, the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a one-month, four-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union.

During the 1974 riots, the government had many differences with the judiciary. Three constitutional issues had emerged. Firstly, can the Parliament abridge fundamental rights? The Supreme Court said it cannot. Secondly, can the Parliament curtail the right to property by making an amendment? Again, the Court said that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in such a manner that rights are curtailed. Thirdly, the Parliament amended the Constitution saying that it can abridge fundamental rights for giving effect to Directive Principles, but the Supreme Court rejected this provision also. This led to a crisis as far as the relations between the government and the judiciary were concerned. This crisis culminated in the famous Kesavananda Bharati Case. In this case, the Court gave a decision that there are some basic features of the Constitution and the Parliament cannot amend these features.

Kwame Nkrumah was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary. He was the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana, having led the Gold Coast to independence from Britain in 1957.

Before 1947, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) was a princely state. Its Hindu ruler, Hari Singh, did not want to merge with India and tried to negotiate with India and Pakistan to have an independent status for his state. The Pakistani leaders thought the Kashmir region 'belonged' to Pakistan, since majority population of the state was Muslim, but this was not how the people themselves saw it – they thought of themselves as Kashmiris above all. Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of the National Conference led a popular movement in the state to get rid of the Maharaja. He agitated against the rule of Maharaja Hari Singh and urged self-rule for Kashmir. He became the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir following the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord and remained in the top slot till his death on 8 September 1982.

Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924.

The Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) came into being on 16 April, 1948. The organisation was created to allocate and distribute Marshall Plan aid and to plan for and effect a European Recovery Programme (ERP) for the countries of Western Europe.

The Russian Federation succeeded the Soviet Union's seat, including its permanent membership on the Security Council in the United Nations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, which originally co-founded the UN in 1945. 

Lal Bahadur Shastri was the country's prime minister from 1964 to 1966. During Shastri's brief prime ministership, the country faced two major challenges. While India was still recovering from the economic implications of the war with China, failed monsoons, drought and serious food crisis presented a grave challenge.

The Balkans was a region of great geographical and ethnic variation in Europe.

• It comprised modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, and Montenegro.
• The natives of the Balkans were known as Slavs. 

​Thus, we can say that Italy is not a part of the 'Balkan region'

A combination of factors, including privatisation (transfer of ownership, property or business from the government to the private sector), agricultural intensification (unrestrained farming practices), population growth (both rural and urban), and ecosystem degradation (water and soil pollution) have caused common property to dwindle in size, quality, and availability to the poor in much of the world.

The vast majority of Chechens today are Muslims[23] and live in Chechnya, a republic of Russia.

The result of the elections of 1967 jolted the Congress at both national and state levels. Many contemporary political observers described the election results as a 'political earthquake'. The elections of 1967 brought into picture the phenomenon of coalitions. Since no single party had got majority, various non-Congress parties came together to form joint legislative parties that supported non-Congress parties.

The US hegemony began in 1991 after Soviet power disappeared from the international
scene. The disintegration of the Soviet Union led to the rise of a Unipolar world.

'Operation Desert Storm' was an armed campaign waged by a United States-led coalition of 35 countries against Iraq in response to the Iraqi invasion and annexation of Kuwait. An American general, Norman Schwarzkopf, led the US coalition and nearly 75 per cent of the coalition forces were from the US.

The UN would never give a consent for war instead it warned Iraq for consequences if it invaded Kuwait.

The Ram Rath Yatra was a political and religious rally that lasted from September to October 1990. It was organised by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its Hindu nationalist affiliates, and led by the then-president of the BJP, L. K. Advani. The purpose of the yatra was to generate public support to erect a temple to the Hindu deity Rama on the site of the Babri Masjid. The BJP announced a rath yatra, or "chariot journey" across the country to Ayodhya. The yatra began in Somnath on 25 September, 1990, and passed through hundreds of villages and cities. The yatra caused an outpouring of both religious and militant sentiments among Hindus, and became one of India's biggest mass movements.

During the Cold War, the United States was based upon capitalism and democracy while the Soviet Union was based upon communism and dictatorship.

The Kallakudi demonstration was organised by the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) on 15 July, 1953 in Kallakudi in the erstwhile Tiruchirappalli district against naming the place as Dalmiapuram.
Ramakrishna Dalmia, a businessman from Bihar, established a cement factory in Kallakudi and the place was renamed Dalmiapuram on his request. DMK opposed the move as a suppression of South Indians by North India. It was the first notable demonstration by M. Karunanidhi. His protest at Kallakudi, in Trichy, to change the name of the railway station from Dalmiapuram to Kallakudi became a turning point in his political career.

The western alliance, headed by the US, represented the ideology of liberal democracy and capitalism while the eastern alliance, headed by the Soviet Union, was committed to the ideology of socialism and communism.

Arms control regulates the acquisition or development of weapons. The Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty in 1972 tried to stop the United States and the Soviet Union from using ballistic missiles as a defensive shield to launch a nuclear attack. While it allowed both countries to deploy a very limited number of defensive systems, it stopped them from large-scale production of those systems.

The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 as well as encircling and separating West Berlin from East German territory. Construction of the wall was commenced by the German Democratic Republic on 13 August 1961.

Kurt Waldheim was appointed Secretary-General of the United Nations for a five-year term beginning on 1 January, 1972. In February 1973, during an official trip to the subcontinent, the Secretary-General discussed with the governments of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh the problems created by the war between India and Pakistan and ways and means to overcome its consequences. He also inspected the United Nations Relief Operation in Bangladesh, the largest relief operation ever undertaken under the auspices of the United Nations.

The aftermath of World War II was the beginning of a new era for all countries involved, defined by the decline of all European colonial empires and simultaneous rise of two superpowers; the Soviet Union (USSR) and the United States (US). Allies during World War II, the US and the USSR became competitors on the world stage and engaged in the Cold War, so called because it never resulted in overt, declared total war between the two powers but was instead characterized by espionage, political subversion and proxy wars. 

The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. These were based on the OECD DAC International Development Goals agreed by Development Ministers in the "Shaping the 21st Century Strategy". The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) succeeded the MDGs in 2016.

Lithuania was the first republic to declare independence from the Soviet Union by the Act of March 11, 1990 with its Baltic neighbours and the Southern Caucasus republic of Georgia joining it in a course of two months.

After the reorganisation, the Akalis came to power in 1967 and then in 1977. On both the occasions it was a coalition government. The Akalis discovered that despite the redrawing of the boundaries, their political position remained precarious. Firstly, their government was dismissed by the Centre mid-way through its term. Secondly, they did not enjoy strong support among the Hindus. Thirdly, the Sikh community, like all other religious communities, was internally differentiated on caste and class lines. The Congress got more support among the dalits, whether Hindu or Sikh, than the Akalis.