Political Science: CUET Mock Test - 1 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between 30 member states, of which 28 are in Europe and the other 2 in North America. On 4th April, 1949.

The correct answer is Linguistic.

• The creation of the Andhra state in 1953 on a linguistic basis intensified the demand from other regions for the creation of states on a linguistic basis.
• This forced the Government of India to appoint a three-member States Reorganization Commission under the chairmanship of Fazl Ali to re-examine the whole question. Its other two members were K M Panikkar and H N Kunzru.

Key Points

• It submitted its report in September 1955 and broadly accepted language as the basis of the reorganization of states.
• But, it rejected the theory of ‘one language– one state. Its view was that the unity of India should be regarded as the primary consideration in any redrawing of the country’s political units.
• It identified four major factors that can be taken into account in any scheme of reorganization of states:
• Preservation and strengthening of the unity and security of the country.
• Linguistic and cultural homogeneity.
• Financial, economic and administrative considerations.
• Planning and promotion of the welfare of the people in each state and the nation as a whole.

Additional Information

• The commission suggested abolishing the four-fold classification of states under the original Constitution and creating 16 states and 3 centrally administered territories. The Government of India accepted these recommendations with certain minor modifications.
• By the States Reorganization Act (1956) and the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act (1956), the distinction between Part-A and Part-B states was done away with and Part-C states were abolished.
• Some of them were merged with adjacent states, and others were designated as union territories. As a result, 14 states and 6 union territories were created on November 01, 1956.

Hence according to the states reorganisation Commission language should not be the only basis of the formation of a state.

The correct answer is 1953.

Key Points

• The Central Government of India appointed the States Reorganisation Commission in 1953.
  • Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed the States Reorganisation Commission in December 1953, with the remit to reorganize the Indian states.
  • The new commission was headed by the retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, Fazal Ali; its other two members were H. N. Kunzru and K. M. Panikkar.
  • The efforts of the commission were overseen by Govind Ballabh Pant, who served as the Home Minister from December 1954.
  • The States Reorganisation Commission submitted a report on September 30, 1955, with recommendations for the reorganization of India's states, which was then debated by the Indian parliament. Subsequently, bills were passed to make changes to the constitution and to administer the reorganization of the states.

Additional Information

• The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories, organizing them along linguistic lines.
  • Although additional changes to India's state boundaries have been made since 1956, the States Reorganisation Act of 1956 remains the single most extensive change in state boundaries since the independence of India in 1947.
  • The Act came into effect at the same time as the Constitution (Seventh Amendment) Act, 1956, which (among other things) restructured the constitutional framework for India's existing states and the requirements to pass the States Reorganisation Act, 1956 under the provisions of Part I of the Constitution of India, Article 3.

The correct answer is Shyama Prasad Mukherjee.

Key Points

• Bhartiya Jana Sangh was founded in 1951 by Shyama Prasad Mukherjee.
• It emphasised on the idea of one country, one culture and one nation and believed that the country could become modern, progressive and strong on the basis of Indian culture and traditions.
• The party's lineage can be traced back to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and the Hindu Mahasabha before independence.
• It existed from 1951 till 1977.

Thus, we can say that the founder of Bhartiya Jana Sangh was Shyama Prasad Mukherjee.

• First Five Year Plan was based on the Harrod-Domar model. The Harrod–Domar model is a classical Keynesian model of economic growth and is used in development of economics to explain an economy's growth rate.

The correct answer is Option 4.

Key Points

• Verghese Kurien was an Indian engineer and entrepreneur who was regarded as the architect of India’s “ revolution,” which transformed the country from an importer of dairy products to the world’s largest milk producer through a system of farmer cooperatives.The cooperative’s chairman, Sri
• Tribhuvandas Patel, asked Kurien to help strengthen the organization. Kurien became manager of the cooperative (which later came to be called Amul and became one of the largest food producers in India).
• Ch. Charan Singh was an Indian politician who served briefly as prime minister (1979–80). Charan Singh opposed Jawaharlal Nehru on his socialist sytle economic reforms. in his opinion, cooperative farms would not succeed in India. Being a son of a farmer, Charan Singh advocated that the right of ownership was important to the farmer in remaining a cultivator.
• He wanted to preserve and stabilize a system of peasant proprietorship. Charan Singh's political career suffered due to his open criticism of Nehru's economic policy.
• His association with causes dear to farming communities in India caused his memorial in New Delhi to be named Kisan Ghat.
• When Famine hit Bihar in 1966-67, the government had “zoning” policies that prohibited the trade of food across states; this reduced the availability of food in Bihar dramatically.
• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis was an Indian statistician who devised the Mahalanobis distance and was instrumental in formulating India’s strategy for industrialization in the Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61).
• He was also a member of the Planning Commission of India from 1955 to 1967. The Planning Commission’s Second Five-Year Plan encouraged the development of heavy industry in India and relied on Mahalanobis’s mathematical description of the Indian economy, which later became known as the Mahalanobis model.

The correct answer is 'Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad'.Key Points

• Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
  • Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad was the first Minister of Education in the Indian cabinet after independence.
  • He served from 1947 to 1958, contributing significantly to the establishment of the education foundation in India.
  • Azad was a senior leader of the Indian National Congress and played a vital role in the struggle for independence.
  • Under his tenure, several institutes of higher learning, including the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) and the University Grants Commission (UGC), were established.
  • His efforts laid the groundwork for the educational infrastructure in India.

Additional Information

• Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel
  • Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Home Affairs in the first cabinet of Independent India.
  • He is renowned for his role in the integration of princely states into the Indian Union but was not the Minister of Education.
• Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar
  • Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar was the first Law Minister of independent India and the principal architect of the Indian Constitution.
  • While he played a pivotal role in shaping the legal and constitutional framework of the nation, he was not the Education Minister.

The correct answer is 'Babasaheb Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar'.

Key Points

• Babasaheb Bhim Rao Ramji Ambedkar:
  • He was appointed as the Labour member of the Viceroy's Executive Council in July 1942, during the Second World War. This position allowed him to shape the labour policy in the British-ruled India.
  • Ambedkar played a significant role in the formulation of policies related to workers' rights, water irrigation, and electricity.
  • His tenure was crucial in laying down the foundation for post-independence India's labour laws and constitution.

Additional Information Jawahar Lal Nehru :

• Although a key figure in the Indian independence movement and the first Prime Minister of independent India, Nehru was not a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council during the Second World War.
• Nehru was actively involved in the Quit India Movement launched by the Indian National Congress in 1942, which led to his imprisonment during much of the Second World War.

Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi:

• Better known as Mahatma Gandhi, he was the leader of the Indian independence movement against British rule, employing non-violent civil disobedience.
• Gandhi was not a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council; rather, he was leading the Quit India Movement during the Second World War and was imprisoned for his activities.

Deen Dayal Upadhyaya:

• A prominent leader of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh, the forerunner to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Deen Dayal Upadhyaya was known for his contributions to political and social thought in India.
• However, he was not a member of the Viceroy's Executive Council during the Second World War. His political activities gained prominence in the post-independence era.

The correct answer is 'Nagmani'

Key Points

• Amrita Pritam, a prominent Punjabi poet and fiction writer, was indeed the editor of "Nagmani," a Punjabi monthly magazine.
• "Nagmani" was known for its literary quality and for showcasing the works of prominent Punjabi writers and poets.
• Amrita Pritam's leadership as an editor played a significant role in the magazine's influence on Punjabi literature.

Additional Information

• Grah Shobha:
  • This is a Hindi-language magazine targeting Indian women, focusing on family, fashion, and lifestyle.
  • It is not associated with Amrita Pritam.
• Grah Laxmi:
  • Similar to Grah Shobha, Grah Laxmi is another magazine that caters to the interests of Indian women, including topics like recipes, health tips, and beauty.
  • It has no connection to Amrita Pritam or her work in Punjabi literature.
• Nagpanchmi:
  • Nag Panchami is actually a Hindu festival rather than a magazine.
  • It involves the worship of snakes and is celebrated across India. It is not related to any literary work or magazine editing by Amrita Pritam.

The correct answer is 'Potti Sriramulu'.

Key Points

• Potti Sriramulu was a dedicated Gandhian worker known for his role in the Indian independence movement and later, in advocating for the rights of Dalits.
• In 1946, he went on a fast demanding the opening of Hindu temples in the Madras province to Dalits, highlighting the social injustices and discrimination faced by them.
• His actions were instrumental in raising awareness and promoting reforms concerning caste-based discrimination.

Additional Information

• Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel:
  • A prominent leader in the Indian independence movement and the first Deputy Prime Minister of India.
  • He was known for his role in the integration of over 560 princely states into the Indian Union but was not directly involved in the fast concerning Dalit rights in temples.
• Rajkumari Amrit Kaur:
  • A distinguished freedom fighter and the first Health Minister of India.
  • She was a significant figure in the Indian independence movement and an advocate for women's rights but was not associated with the specific fast for Dalit rights in Madras.
• Rafi Ahmed Kidwai:
  • A key figure in the Indian independence movement and a notable politician post-independence.
  • He held various ministerial positions and was known for his contributions to the postal system and agrarian reforms, not directly related to the 1946 fast for Dalit temple entry.

The correct naswer is 'Wheat Production'.

Key Points

• The Green Revolution, which started in the 1960s, significantly increased agricultural production in many parts of the world.
• It was most successful in increasing the production of staple crops, with a particular emphasis on wheat.
• Through the introduction of high-yielding varieties, along with improved irrigation, fertilization, and pest control methods, wheat production saw a significant rise.
• This was especially true in countries like India and Mexico, where the Green Revolution had a profound impact.

Additional Information

• Rice Production:
  • Although the Green Revolution also contributed to increased rice production, the most notable and immediate gains were seen in wheat.
  • Rice did benefit from similar improvements in cultivation techniques and high-yielding varieties, but the revolution is primarily known for its impact on wheat production.
• Oil Seeds Production:
  • The Green Revolution's focus was more on staple food crops like wheat and rice rather than on oil seeds.
  • While there were improvements in the production of various crops, the revolution is not particularly noted for its impact on oil seeds production.
• Lentils Production:
  • Similar to oil seeds, lentils (and other legumes) did see some benefit from the agricultural advancements of the Green Revolution.
  • However, these were not the primary focus, and the impact on lentils production was not as significant as it was on wheat.

The US and the USSR decided to collaborate in limiting or eliminating certain kinds of nuclear and non-nuclear weapons. A stable balance of weapon, they decided, could be maintained through 'arms control'. Starting in the 1960s, the two sides signed significant agreements, namely, Limited Test Ban Treaty, Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty, and Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

With Cuba's proximity to the United States, Castro and his regime became an important Cold War ally for the Soviets. The relationship was for the most part economic, with the Soviet Union providing military, economic, and political assistance to Cuba

The Anti-arrack Movement was started in Andhra Pradesh and demanded prohibition on the sale of arrack (alcohol). 'Dalit Panthers' was the organisation with the aim to unite the Dalits and to bring them into their fold.

The Cuban Missile Crisis, also known as the October Crisis of 1962, the Caribbean Crisis, or the Missile Scare, was a one-month, four-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union.

During the 1974 riots, the government had many differences with the judiciary. Three constitutional issues had emerged. Firstly, can the Parliament abridge fundamental rights? The Supreme Court said it cannot. Secondly, can the Parliament curtail the right to property by making an amendment? Again, the Court said that Parliament cannot amend the Constitution in such a manner that rights are curtailed. Thirdly, the Parliament amended the Constitution saying that it can abridge fundamental rights for giving effect to Directive Principles, but the Supreme Court rejected this provision also. This led to a crisis as far as the relations between the government and the judiciary were concerned. This crisis culminated in the famous Kesavananda Bharati Case. In this case, the Court gave a decision that there are some basic features of the Constitution and the Parliament cannot amend these features.

Kwame Nkrumah was a Ghanaian politician, political theorist, and revolutionary. He was the first Prime Minister and President of Ghana, having led the Gold Coast to independence from Britain in 1957.

Before 1947, Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) was a princely state. Its Hindu ruler, Hari Singh, did not want to merge with India and tried to negotiate with India and Pakistan to have an independent status for his state. The Pakistani leaders thought the Kashmir region 'belonged' to Pakistan, since majority population of the state was Muslim, but this was not how the people themselves saw it – they thought of themselves as Kashmiris above all. Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah of the National Conference led a popular movement in the state to get rid of the Maharaja. He agitated against the rule of Maharaja Hari Singh and urged self-rule for Kashmir. He became the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir following the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord and remained in the top slot till his death on 8 September 1982.

Lenin, was a Russian revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He served as the first and founding head of government of Soviet Russia from 1917 to 1924 and of the Soviet Union from 1922 to 1924.

The Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) came into being on 16 April, 1948. The organisation was created to allocate and distribute Marshall Plan aid and to plan for and effect a European Recovery Programme (ERP) for the countries of Western Europe.

The Russian Federation succeeded the Soviet Union's seat, including its permanent membership on the Security Council in the United Nations after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, which originally co-founded the UN in 1945. 

Lal Bahadur Shastri was the country's prime minister from 1964 to 1966. During Shastri's brief prime ministership, the country faced two major challenges. While India was still recovering from the economic implications of the war with China, failed monsoons, drought and serious food crisis presented a grave challenge.

The Balkans was a region of great geographical and ethnic variation in Europe.

• It comprised modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia- Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia, and Montenegro.
• The natives of the Balkans were known as Slavs. 

​Thus, we can say that Italy is not a part of the 'Balkan region'

A combination of factors, including privatisation (transfer of ownership, property or business from the government to the private sector), agricultural intensification (unrestrained farming practices), population growth (both rural and urban), and ecosystem degradation (water and soil pollution) have caused common property to dwindle in size, quality, and availability to the poor in much of the world.

The vast majority of Chechens today are Muslims[23] and live in Chechnya, a republic of Russia.

The result of the elections of 1967 jolted the Congress at both national and state levels. Many contemporary political observers described the election results as a 'political earthquake'. The elections of 1967 brought into picture the phenomenon of coalitions. Since no single party had got majority, various non-Congress parties came together to form joint legislative parties that supported non-Congress parties.

The US hegemony began in 1991 after Soviet power disappeared from the international
scene. The disintegration of the Soviet Union led to the rise of a Unipolar world.

'Operation Desert Storm' was an armed campaign waged by a United States-led coalition of 35 countries against Iraq in response to the Iraqi invasion and annexation of Kuwait. An American general, Norman Schwarzkopf, led the US coalition and nearly 75 per cent of the coalition forces were from the US.

The UN would never give a consent for war instead it warned Iraq for consequences if it invaded Kuwait.

The Ram Rath Yatra was a political and religious rally that lasted from September to October 1990. It was organised by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and its Hindu nationalist affiliates, and led by the then-president of the BJP, L. K. Advani. The purpose of the yatra was to generate public support to erect a temple to the Hindu deity Rama on the site of the Babri Masjid. The BJP announced a rath yatra, or "chariot journey" across the country to Ayodhya. The yatra began in Somnath on 25 September, 1990, and passed through hundreds of villages and cities. The yatra caused an outpouring of both religious and militant sentiments among Hindus, and became one of India's biggest mass movements.