Sociology: CUET Mock Test - 4 - CUET MCQ

(A) Correct: India's economic liberalisation, which began in 1991, was a significant step towards opening the economy to the global market.
(B) Incorrect: Liberalisation and globalisation are related but not the same. Liberalisation refers specifically to India’s policy changes, while globalisation is a broader process.
(C) Correct: Technological advances, particularly in communication and transportation, have significantly facilitated globalisation by making interactions across the world faster and easier.
(D) Correct: Transnational corporations (TNCs) play a key role in globalisation by driving trade and investment across multiple countries.
(E) Incorrect: While globalisation has brought benefits to many, it has also led to increased inequality, with some groups benefiting more than others.

Panchayati Raj literally translates to governance by five individuals.

Mahatma Gandhi supported the Panchayati Raj system as an ideal model to adopt after Independence.

(A) Correct: Globalisation has promoted political collaboration through regional organisations like ASEAN and SAARC, which help countries work together on global issues.
(B) Incorrect: MNCs often displace local businesses by introducing new competition, especially in sectors like retail and manufacturing.
(C) Correct: Globalisation brings both opportunities (such as new jobs and industries) and challenges (like job displacement and wage inequality) for different social groups.
(D) Correct: The growth of global financial markets has made it easier to track investments and capital flows, with technologies like instant transactions and real-time data.
(E) Incorrect: Globalisation has affected traditional knowledge systems and cultural practices, often through the adoption of new technologies and practices.

Weekly markets, or 'haats,' in rural India are not only places of trade but also important social spaces where people come together for social interaction and community bonding.

The concept of the market extends beyond economic exchange to include social and cultural functions, such as marriage arrangements, gossip, and community bonding.

Rural markets serve as spaces for socialization, where people can meet, exchange gossip, arrange marriages, and bond with their community.

The passage emphasizes that markets, particularly in rural India, are not just economic entities but are deeply embedded in social structures, providing spaces for social and cultural interactions.

The passage highlights that rural markets in India are vital for both economic transactions and social interactions, serving as key spaces for community life.

(A) Correct: Globalisation involves the increasing interconnection between people, regions, and countries, leading to more integrated global networks.
(B) Incorrect: Globalisation is not limited to economic policies; it also involves cultural, political, and social dimensions.
(C) Incorrect: Globalisation has varied effects, with some benefiting more than others, especially in developing countries, where inequalities may increase.
(D) Correct: The development of information and communication technologies has greatly accelerated globalisation by enabling instant communication and data transfer.
(E) Correct: The sociological perspective helps to connect individual and local experiences with broader global changes

These social resources can be divided into three forms of capital economic capital: material assets and income; cultural capital such as educational qualifications and status; and social capital in the form of networks of contacts and social associations(Bourdieu 1986). Third, they are systematic and structured; there is a definite social inequalities pattern.

People often harbour prejudices about other social groups. Each of us grows up as a community member from which we acquire ideas not just about our community, our caste or class, our gender but also about others. Often these ideas reflect prejudices. Prejudices refer to preconceived opinions or attitudes held by members of one group towards another.

(A) Correct: The invention of the printing press in the 15th century was key to making mass communication accessible, starting with the printing of religious texts.
(B) Incorrect: When radio was first introduced in India, it was limited to major urban centres and not widely accessible in rural areas.
(C) Correct: After independence, All India Radio played a significant role in promoting national integration and spreading developmental messages.
(D) Incorrect: The media in post-independence India focused on both development and entertainment, with a strong emphasis on promoting social reforms.
(E) Correct: During colonial rule, the press was subjected to censorship to prevent the spread of anti-colonial sentiments, particularly during movements like the Ilbert Bill agitation.

Female foeticide is the process of finding out the sex of the foetus and undergoing abortion if it is a girl. Although it is illegal, many people continue to practice it. Besides this, there are some communities which practice female infanticide - the practice of killing the girl child once she is born.

One of the classical sociologists, Emile Durkheim, coined the terms 'sacred' and 'profane' in sociology. Sacred was used for the things related to the supernatural, while profane was coined for the things used in normal life. This discussion on the concept of the sacred is related to everyday life.

Industrial Developments have taken place in factories post 18th century in Europe from where it spread to the rest of the world within 50 years of time.

The term “family of procreation” is loosely used to refer to a family unit created by two or more people. The concept is juxtaposed to “family of origin,” which refers to the families from which individuals originate. The family of procreation will form unique family values and dynamics.

A person may be prejudiced in favour of members of his/her own caste or group. Without any evidence, they believe them to be superior to members of other castes or groups. Prejudices are often grounded in stereotypes, fixed and inflexible characterisations of a group of people.

The first government of independent India under Jawaharlal Nehru appointed a commission to look into measures for the welfare of the OBCs.

The OBC issue became a regional affair pursued at the state rather than the central level from the mid-fifties. The southern states had a long history of backward caste political agitation that had started in the early twentieth century.

Raja Ram Mohan Roy led the anti-sati campaign in Bengal. The widow remarriage movement in the Bombay presidency where Ranade was one of the leading reformers, from Jyotiba Phule’s simultaneous attack on caste and gender oppression, and from the social reform movement in Islam led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan. Raja Ram Mohan Roy’s attempts to reform society, religion, and women’s status can be taken as the starting point of the nineteenth-century social reform in Bengal.

Jyotirao Phule advocated for the education of girls, establishing schools with his wife, Savitribai, including India’s first girls’ school in Pune in 1848, to empower women and challenge caste and gender oppression.

Policies that promote values and norms that are usually entirely or largely those of the dominant social group. Other, nondominant or subordinated groups in society are expected or required to give up their own cultural values and adopt the prescribed ones.

Policies of integration insist that the public culture be restricted to a common national pattern, while all ‘non-national’ cultures are to be relegated to the private sphere.

To homogenise is to make uniform or similar. If something is homogenised, it is changed so that all its parts are similar or the same, especially in a way that is undesirable. They no longer worry about the homogenization of culture.

Today it is hard to define a nation in any way other than to say that it is a community that has succeeded in acquiring a state of its own. Interestingly, the opposite has also become increasingly true. Just as would be or aspiring nationalities are now more and more likely to work towards forming a state, existing states are also finding it more and more necessary to claim that they represent a nation. The relationship between the nation-state and community is relatively new one.

The passage states, "Most states feared that the recognition of such difference would lead to social fragmentation and prevent the creation of a harmonious society. In short, such identity politics was considered a threat to state unity." This directly supports option b as the primary concern of states.