Sociology: CUET Mock Test - 5 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

Absentee landlords were not themselves the cultivators, but were the erstwhile upper caste claimants of lands.

It has been a defining feature of caste. Castes were traditionally linked to occupations.

'Sanskritisation refers to a process whereby members of a (usually middle or lower) caste attempt to raise their own social status by adopting the ritual, domestic and social practices of a caste (or castes) of higher status. The patterns for emulation chosen most often were the brahmin or kshatriya castes; practices included adopting vegetarianism, wearing of sacred thread, performance of specific prayers and religious ceremonies, and so on.

Tribes lack organised religion.

The caste system is an integral part of Hindu society and has spread to other non-Hindu communities as well.

Jyotirao Govindrao Phule denounced the injustice of the caste system and scorned its rules of purity and pollution. In 1873 he founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers Society), which was devoted to securing human rights and social justice for low-caste people.

Shudras comprise the fourth category of the Varna system.

According to the rule of inheritance matrilineal societies pass on property from mother to daughter.

There do exist matrilineal societies, i.e., societies where women inherit property from their mothers but do not exercise control over it, nor are they the decision makers in public affairs. But matriarchy only exists as conceptual opposition to patriarchy.

For the upper caste, caste plays no part in their public lives, being limited to the personal sphere of religious practice or marriage and kinship.

Family is a site of conflict, injustice and violence because female infanticide, violent conflicts between brothers over property and ugly legal disputes are a part of family and kinship as social institutions.

Castes are not only unequal to each other in ritual terms, they are also supposed to be complementary and noncompeting groups. Since caste is also linked with occupation, the system functions as the social division of labour, except that, in principle, it allows no mobility.

People are not always born with disabilities. Sometimes, they are rendered disabled during the course of their lives. For instance, due to an accident.

Stereotypes treat an entire community as though it were a single person with a single all-encompassing trait or characteristic.

Besides the three dimensions of untouchability, it also involves forced inclusion of such as being compelled to play the drums at a religious event. Statement (C) is incorrect because untouchability is a pan-Indian phenomenon, although its specific forms and intensity vary considerably across regions and socio-historical contexts.

Social stratification is a characteristic of society. It persists over generations. It is also supported by patterns of belief, or ideology.

Social exclusion refers to a broad range of factors that prevent individuals or groups from having opportunities open to the majority of the population.

 Social resources refer to the valued resources - money, property, education, health, and power - that people in a society have. Some people have more social resources than the others in the society.

Because of the obvious biological and physical differences between men and women, gender inequality is often treated as natural. However, despite appearances, scholars have shown that the inequalities between men and women are social rather than natural.

The reason for the assertion is that ritual-religious prohibitions on occupational change are not easily imposed today, and it is easier than before to change one's occupation.

Since it is practiced regardless of  the wishes of those who are excluded, social exclusion is involuntary.

In general, 'male body' and female body' as social unit are unchanging identity but due to so many researches in the field of physiology, the notion of the body is now liked with 'choice structure'. Transgender as concept, thus, refers to conversions of gender status of body into opposite gender by using choice or certain compulsions.

Cultural diversity means that there are different types of social groups and communities that may not necessarily be unequal.

A nation derives its legitimacy from the people who constitute it. The other three options are characteristics of state.

Language coupled with regional and tribal identity - and not religion - has provided the most powerful instrument for the formation of ethno-national identity in India.

Religious identity overriding every other identity is feature of communalism and not secularism.

Cultural diversity is found in other parts of the world as well.

These laws are known as 'dual-citizenship' laws. For instance, Jewish Americans may be citizens of Israel as well as the USA; they can even serve in the armed forces of one country without losing their citizenship in the other country.

These issues or debates around religious identity may be broadly divided into two related groups - the secularism- communalism set and the minority-majority set. Questions of secularism and communalism are about the state's relationship to religion and to political groupings that invoke religion as their primary identity. Questions about minorities and majorities involve decisions on how the state is to treat different religious communities that are unequal in terms of numbers and/or power.

India has a history of communal riots from pre-Independence times, often as a result of the divide-and-rule policy adopted by the colonial rulers.