Sociology: CUET Mock Test - 5 - CUET MCQ

Commodification refers to the process where things, services, or cultural practices that were not traditionally part of the market economy are now treated as commodities to be bought and sold.

The passage mentions that practices such as yoga and Ayurveda, once part of cultural traditions, have been commodified and marketed globally as part of the growing market economy.

The passage raises ethical concerns about the commodification of human organs, such as kidneys, where human body parts are treated as market commodities, which some consider morally wrong.

With the rise of capitalism, services like education and marriage, which were previously not part of the market economy, have been commodified, meaning they are now bought and sold for profit.

The process of commodification creates new markets for goods and services, including those that were previously outside the market system, thus expanding the scope of market-based exchanges.

The caste system enforces discrimination against people born into particular castes, with specific occupations and social status assigned based on birth, leading to exclusion and exploitation.

The caste system links people to specific occupations based on their birth, with no choice in determining their profession, ensuring a rigid social and occupational hierarchy.

While the caste system once strictly tied caste to occupation, modern times have seen this link weaken, with more opportunities for individuals to change occupations regardless of their caste.

Despite changes in occupation choices, the caste-class correlation remains stable at the macro level, with privileged castes generally holding higher economic status.

The caste system is described as a rigid structure that enforces hierarchical positions and occupations based on birth, limiting mobility and opportunities.

The right to freedom of religion is enshrined in the Fundamental Rights of the Indian Constitution.

The Constitution is the basic norm from which all other rules and authorities flow, and all other laws are made as per the procedures the Constitution prescribes.

The three-tier system of Panchayati Raj Institution is structured like a pyramid, with the Gram Sabha at the base of the structure, followed by the Panchayat Samiti or Gram Panchayat and then the Zila Parishad.

The first census in India took place in 1872. It was conducted by the British colonial administration to gather demographic data and administer their rule more effectively. The census aimed to collect information on population size, religion, caste, occupation, and socio-economic factors. It has since been conducted regularly every ten years and has played a crucial role in monitoring population growth and informing developmental plans and policies in India.

The year 1921 is referred to as the 'Demographic divide' in India because it marked a significant shift in population trends and demographics in the country. 1921 census shows negative growth rate due to increase in death rate because of influenza epidemic of 1918 - 19.

Jyotirao Govindrao Phule denounced the injustice of the caste system and scorned its rules of purity and pollution. In 1873 he founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers Society), which was devoted to securing human rights and social justice for low-caste people.

According to the rule of inheritance matrilineal societies pass on property from mother to daughter.

Stereotypes treat an entire community as though it were a single person with a single all-encompassing trait or characteristic.

Besides the three dimensions of untouchability, it also involves forced inclusion of such as being compelled to play the drums at a religious event. Statement (C) is incorrect because untouchability is a pan-Indian phenomenon, although its specific forms and intensity vary considerably across regions and socio-historical contexts.

Social stratification is a characteristic of society. It persists over generations. It is also supported by patterns of belief, or ideology.

Social exclusion refers to a broad range of factors that prevent individuals or groups from having opportunities open to the majority of the population.

Bourdieu (1986) identified three forms of capital that make up social resources: economic capital (such as assets and income), cultural capital (such as educational qualifications and status), and social capital (such as networks and associations). "Social resources" is a general term, not a specific form of capital, so option b is not considered a form of capital according to Bourdieu's classification.

Cultural diversity means that there are different types of social groups and communities that may not necessarily be unequal.

A nation derives its legitimacy from the people who constitute it. The other three options are characteristics of state.

Religious identity overriding every other identity is feature of communalism and not secularism.

Cultural diversity is found in other parts of the world as well.

These laws are known as 'dual-citizenship' laws. For instance, Jewish Americans may be citizens of Israel as well as the USA; they can even serve in the armed forces of one country without losing their citizenship in the other country.

These issues or debates around religious identity may be broadly divided into two related groups - the secularism- communalism set and the minority-majority set. Questions of secularism and communalism are about the state's relationship to religion and to political groupings that invoke religion as their primary identity. Questions about minorities and majorities involve decisions on how the state is to treat different religious communities that are unequal in terms of numbers and/or power.

India has a history of communal riots from pre-Independence times, often as a result of the divide-and-rule policy adopted by the colonial rulers.