Political Science: CUET Mock Test - 7 - CUET MCQ

The term includes two separate continents: North America and South America.
hence , 2 is the correct ans

The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) was approved by the UN General Assembly on June 12, 1968, and opened for signature on July 1, 1968. Thus, the correct answer is June 1968.

The correct answer is 16 December.

Key Points

• Vijay Diwas is observed every year on 16 December.
• The day celebrates India’s Operation Vijay's historic military victory against Pakistan in the 1971 war; which also liberated Bangladesh from Pakistan.
• The chief of the Pakistani forces, General Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi surrendered to the joint forces of Indian Army and Bangladesh's Mukti Bahini, along with 93,000 Pakistani troops.

The Panchsheel Pact was signed on April 28, 1954, between Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Premier Zhou Enlai of China.

The Correct Answer is Option (2) i.e B -

• Tashkent Declaration was a peace agreement between India and Pakistan signed on 10th January 1966 to resolve the Indo-Pakistan War of 1965.
• The major signatories of the declaration were the then Prime Minister of India, Lal Bahadur Shastri, and Pakistan's President Muhammad Ayub Khan.
• The War of 1965 was over control of the resources and population of the State of Jammu and Kashmir.

Additional Information:

The fourth meeting of the World Social Forum (WSF) was held in Mumbai, India, in 2004, shifting from its previous location in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

The correct answer is Globalization

Key Points

• Globalization refers to the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.
• It involves the intensification of cross-border movement of goods, services, ideas, and people.
• Due to advancements in transportation and communication technologies, globalization has accelerated, leading to an interconnected and interdependent world.

Additional InformationLiberalization: This term refers to the relaxation of government restrictions, usually in areas like trade and investment. While liberalization can be a part of the globalization process by facilitating international business activities, it is more specific to policy and regulatory changes rather than the broad process of increasing global interconnectedness.
Westernization: Westernization involves the adoption of western culture and norms in other parts of the world. It is a cultural phenomenon and does not encompass the comprehensive economic, social, and political aspects of globalization.
Modernization: Modernization is the transformation from a traditional, rural, agrarian society to a secular, urban, industrial society. It focuses more on internal development and the adoption of modern technologies and lifestyles rather than the global flow of goods, services, ideas, and people.

The correct answer is Neutrality. Neutrality implies not taking sides in conflicts, whereas India’s foreign policy, rooted in Non-Alignment, involves active participation in international affairs while avoiding superpower blocs.

The correct answer is 'Jawahar Lal Nehru'.

Key Points

• Jawahar Lal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India and also held the portfolio of the Foreign Minister during his tenure.
• As the architect of India's foreign policy, Nehru advocated for Non-Alignment, aiming to keep India away from the Cold War's polarizing influences.

Additional Information Maulana Azad served as the first Education Minister of independent India and was a prominent leader in the Indian independence movement but did not serve as the Foreign Minister.
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel played a crucial role in India's struggle for independence and was the first Deputy Prime Minister and Home Minister of India. He was instrumental in the integration of princely states into the Indian Union but did not serve as the Foreign Minister.
Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar was the first Law Minister of India and the principal architect of the Indian Constitution. He played a pivotal role in shaping India's legal framework but was not involved in foreign affairs as a minister.

The Correct Answer is UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change)

Key Points

• The UNFCCC was established to address the problem of climate change and to help mitigate its effects.
• It provides a framework for international cooperation to combat climate change by limiting average global temperature increases and the resulting climate change, and coping with impacts that are unavoidable.
• Annual conferences known as Conferences of the Parties (COP) are held under the UNFCCC to assess progress in dealing with climate change and to negotiate agreements and commitments to tackle climate change.

The correct answer is Chair is rotational annually and from a different region. 
Explanation: The G20 is considered a representative forum due to several key features that make it inclusive and diverse in its representation of countries. The passage mentions two significant aspects that contribute to its representative nature:
Key Points

• Rotational Chairmanship: The G20 operates with a system of rotational chairmanship. This means that the position of the chair, or the presidency, is passed on annually to different member countries. This rotational approach ensures that various nations, representing different regions and economic backgrounds, get the opportunity to lead and influence the agenda. The annual change in the chairmanship helps in preventing the dominance of a particular group of countries and promotes inclusivity.
• Regional Diversity: Another factor that enhances the representative nature of the G20 is the inclusion of members from different regional groupings of countries. This implies that the presidency of the G20 is not monopolized by a specific region or group of nations. Instead, a member from a diverse set of regional groupings is elected to assume the presidency. This approach ensures that the perspectives and interests of various regions are taken into account in the decision-making processes.

Additional Information
By combining these two elements—rotational chairmanship and representation from diverse regional groupings—the G20 aims to be broadly representative of the global community. This inclusivity allows for a more comprehensive consideration of economic issues and challenges, reflecting the diversity of the world's economies and ensuring a balanced approach to addressing global economic concerns.

The correct answer is All of the above options 
Explanation: The recently concluded G20 summit marked a pivotal moment, emphasizing a framework for sustainable balanced growth, prioritizing women-led development processes, and witnessing the emergence of the Global South as a unified voice.
Key Points

• Consumers on a Framework for Sustainable Balanced Growth: G20 summits often focus on global economic issues, including sustainable and balanced growth. The member countries discuss policies and initiatives aimed at fostering economic development while addressing environmental concerns. This might involve commitments to sustainable development goals, promoting green technologies, and ensuring that economic growth benefits all segments of society.
• Women-Led Development Process: Gender equality and women's empowerment have been increasingly emphasized in international forums, including the G20. Discussions about women-led development processes may involve initiatives to address gender gaps in education, employment, and leadership roles. Countries may commit to policies that support women entrepreneurs, provide better access to education for girls, and promote women's participation in decision-making processes.
• Emergence of Global South as One Voice: The G20 includes both developed and emerging economies. The emergence of the Global South as one voice reflects a shift in the global economic landscape. This may involve a collective effort by developing nations to advocate for their interests, seek fair representation in international institutions, and collaborate on addressing common challenges such as poverty, health, and climate change.

The correct answer is Asian financial crisis 
The passage mentions that the G20 originated to overcome the financial crisis that occurred in the 1990s in the emerging economies of Asia. This crisis is commonly known as the Asian financial crisis. Let's delve into the details:

• Financial Crisis in Asia (1990s): During the late 1990s, several Asian countries experienced a severe financial crisis. It began in Thailand in 1997 and quickly spread to other economies in the region, including Indonesia, South Korea, Malaysia, and the Philippines. The crisis was characterized by currency devaluations, stock market collapses, and economic contractions.
• Origins of the G20: In response to the global repercussions of the Asian financial crisis and recognizing the need for enhanced international cooperation, the G20 was established. The G20, or Group of Twenty, is a forum for governments and central bank governors from 19 countries and the European Union. It was created to bring together major advanced and emerging economies to discuss and coordinate policy responses to global economic challenges.
• Significance of G20: The passage highlights the significance of the G20 by noting that its members represent about 85% of the global GDP, 80% of global trade, and two-thirds of the world's population. The G20 is seen as a premier forum for international cooperation due to the inclusion of both advanced and emerging economies.
• Broader Representation and Inclusivity: The G20 is designed to be broadly representative and inclusive. The chairmanship rotates annually, and a member from different regional groupings of countries is elected to its presidency. This structure ensures a diverse and inclusive representation in the decision-making process.
• India's Role in G20: The passage also mentions India's active participation in the G20 process, emphasizing that India is a major stakeholder and is interested in the stability of the world economy. India's support during the Seoul summit led to the inclusion of development as an agenda item, and the Seoul Development consensus emerged.

Additional Information

• The Asian financial crisis of the 1990s was the catalyst for the formation of the G20, as countries recognized the need for a coordinated international response to global economic challenges.
• The G20 has since evolved into a key forum for addressing economic issues and fostering cooperation among major economies.

The correct answer is A. The G20’s primary objective, as stated in the passage, is to foster international cooperation among major economies to address global economic challenges.

The correct answer is To ensure world economic stability 
Explanation: India has taken an active interest in the G20 primarily to ensure world economic stability. Several factors contribute to India's engagement in the G20:
Key Points

• Global Economic Significance: The G20 comprises the world's major advanced and emerging economies. As mentioned in the passage, these nations collectively represent a substantial portion of the global economy, accounting for approximately 85% of the global GDP. 
• Given India's ambition for economic growth and development, active participation in the G20 provides a platform to influence global economic policies and decisions.
• Stakeholder in Global Economy: India recognizes itself as a major stakeholder in the global economy. As a country with a significant population and a growing economy, India's economic well-being is intertwined with the stability and performance of the world economy.
• Financial Crisis Response: The G20 originated in response to the financial crises of the 1990s, particularly addressing issues faced by emerging economies in Asia. India, being a member of the G20, is positioned to actively participate in shaping policies that can prevent or mitigate the impact of future financial crises.
• Inclusivity and Representation: The G20 is known for its inclusive structure, with the chair rotating annually and the presidency held by a member from different regional groupings. This approach ensures that diverse perspectives and interests are considered in global economic discussions.
• India's active involvement in the G20 reflects its commitment to ensuring that the voices of emerging economies, including its own, are heard in the formulation of international economic policies.
• Development Agenda: India's support for including development as an agenda item during the Seoul summit emphasizes its commitment to addressing broader global challenges. The Seoul Development consensus, which emerged with India's support, signifies the country's dedication to promoting balanced and sustainable global development.
• Dimension and Credibility to G20 Deliberations: The passage mentions that India's participation has imparted dimension and credibility to G20 deliberations. This suggests that India's active involvement is seen as valuable in shaping the outcomes of G20 discussions and decisions.
• Hosting G20 Summit: India's successful organization of the G20 summit in New Delhi underscores its commitment to providing leadership within the group. Hosting such summits allows India to set the agenda, influence discussions, and contribute to the establishment of frameworks for strong, sustainable, and balanced global growth.

Additional Information

• India's active interest in the G20 is driven by its recognition of the interconnectedness of the global economy, its desire to contribute to the prevention of financial crises, and its commitment to inclusive and sustainable development on a global scale.
• By participating actively, India aims to ensure stability and balance in the world economy, thus safeguarding its own economic interests and fostering a conducive global economic environment.

The correct answer is D. On June 25, 1975, President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed proclaimed a state of emergency under Article 352, citing internal disturbances, as stated in the passage. Key events: On June 12, 1975, the Allahabad High Court invalidated Indira Gandhi’s election; on June 25, Jayaprakash Narayan led protests prompting the emergency declaration.

The correct answer is B. The passage states that on June 25, 1975, the government invoked Article 352 due to a threat of internal disturbances, leading to the emergency.

The correct answer is A. The passage specifies that the emergency on June 25, 1975, was declared under Article 352 of the Constitution due to internal disturbances.

The correct answer is C. The passage states that the Allahabad High Court’s judgment on June 12, 1975, declaring Indira Gandhi’s election invalid was based on a petition filed by Raj Narain.

The correct answer is C. The passage states that on June 12, 1975, Justice Jagmohan Lal Sinha of the Allahabad High Court declared Indira Gandhi’s election to the Lok Sabha invalid.

(B) is correct as both superpowers expanded their influence through military alliances and nuclear weapons.
(D) is correct as non-alignment was aimed at preventing countries from joining either of the two superpowers' alliances.
(A) is incorrect as the Cold War was a period of tension without direct military confrontations between the US and USSR.
(C) is incorrect as the Cold War led to several regional conflicts such as the Korean War and the Vietnam War.

(A) is correct as the Cuban Missile Crisis ended with both sides agreeing to avoid nuclear war.
(C) is correct because the US and USSR’s nuclear weapons led to the policy of deterrence, preventing war.
(B) is incorrect as non-alignment did not mean neutrality but an active stance against joining either bloc.
(D) is incorrect as both superpowers had differing ideologies: the US supported capitalism and democracy, while the USSR supported socialism and communism.

(A) is correct as India’s non-alignment policy faced criticism for inconsistency, especially with the 1971 treaty with the USSR.
(C) is correct as non-alignment allowed India to pursue independent foreign policy and balance its relations with both superpowers.
(B) is incorrect as India was active in international forums like the UN.
(D) is incorrect as non-alignment also addressed global economic issues, especially through NAM.

(A) Correct (hegemony became clear post-1991).

(B) Incorrect (US didn’t act as a hegemon immediately).

(C) Incorrect (US wasn’t "always" hegemonic post-Cold War).

(D) Correct (US dominance began post-1945, even if full hegemony came later).

(A) is incorrect as the US invaded Iraq later in 2003, not immediately after 9/11.
(B) is correct as the US launched military operations under the “Global War on Terror.”
(C) is correct as military operations were launched in Afghanistan and Iraq.
(D) is incorrect as the US did not focus solely on diplomacy after 9/11.

The correct answer is A. The Bretton Woods system was established in 1944 after World War II, led by the US, to create an international monetary framework with currencies pegged to the US dollar, which was tied to gold.

The Council of Europe was established in 1949.

The European Union has developed from being primarily an economic entity to becoming more of a political union. This evolution reflects various changes and integrations over time, aiming to strengthen the unity and governance among member states.

• Initially focused on economic collaboration to boost trade and economic growth.
• Gradually expanded to include political elements, such as shared policies and regulations.
• Member states work together on broader issues, including foreign policy and security.
• Institutions like the European Parliament enhance democratic governance.

The correct answer is D. China has surpassed the U.S. in recent years as a leader in global trade, particularly in merchandise exports, due to its rapid economic growth and vast manufacturing sector.