Test: Law & Social Justice- 2 - Class 8 MCQ

Introduction

Mumbai's suburban railway is known for its efficient and extensive public transport system. It is one of the busiest railway networks in the world, catering to a massive number of passengers on a daily basis.

Density of Mumbai's Suburban Railway

The suburban railway in Mumbai is known for its high density route, with a large number of people relying on it for their daily commute. The number of passengers it serves daily is:

• Option A: 45 lakh - Incorrect


• Option B: 65 lakh - Correct


• Option C: 75 lakh - Incorrect


• Option D: 20 lakh - Incorrect

Therefore, the correct answer is option B, which states that the Mumbai suburban railway attends to 65 lakh passengers daily.

Conclusion

Mumbai's suburban railway is a well-functioning public transport system that handles a massive number of passengers daily. With a density that is unmatched by any other route in the world, it plays a crucial role in the transportation infrastructure of the city.

Explanation:
The Minimum Wages Act is a legislation that ensures workers are paid a specified minimum wage, which is the lowest amount that employers are legally allowed to pay their employees. The purpose of this law is to protect the interests of workers by setting a baseline for wages and preventing exploitative practices.
Key Points:
- The Minimum Wages Act aims to protect the interest of workers.
- It ensures that workers are not paid below a specified minimum wage.
- The law applies to all types of workers, regardless of their gender, age, or occupation.
- The act does not specifically target children, owners, or women, although they can benefit from the minimum wage protection.
- By establishing a minimum wage, the act helps to reduce income inequality and improve the living standards of workers.
- The law also helps to prevent unfair competition between businesses, as it sets a level playing field for wages.
- Violations of the Minimum Wages Act can result in penalties and legal consequences for employers who fail to comply with the law.

Answer:
Key Information:
- The 2001 census provides information about child labor in India.
- The focus is on children aged between 5 and 14 years.
- The census includes children working in various occupations, including hazardous ones.
Calculation:
- The answer requires finding the number of million children in India aged between 5 and 14 who work.
- The census data from 2001 will provide this information.

- According to the 2001 census, the number of million children in India aged between 5 and 14 who work is given as follows:
- Option A: 13 million children
- Option B: 15 million children
- Option C: 11 million children
- Option D: 12 million children
- After checking the answer options, we find that the correct answer is Option D, which states that 12 million children in India aged between 5 and 14 work in various occupations, including hazardous ones.
Summary:
- According to the 2001 census, the number of million children in India aged between 5 and 14 who work is 12 million children.

Violation of Ban:
- The ban in question is being violated by someone.
Punishment:
- Anyone found violating the ban must be penalized.
- The punishment ranges from a jail term of three months to two years.
- The punishment can also include a fine.
Fine Range:
- The fine for violating the ban falls within a specific range.
- The range of fines varies depending on the violation.
Options:
- Option A states that the fine ranges from Rs 10,000 to Rs 20,000.
- Option B states that the fine ranges from Rs 15,000 to Rs 20,000.
- Option C states that the fine ranges from Rs 20,000 to Rs 30,000.
- Option D states that the fine ranges from Rs 25,000 to Rs 3,000.
Answer:
- The correct answer is option A, which states that the fine ranges from Rs 10,000 to Rs 20,000.

To find the answer, let's analyze the given information:
- The law mentioned in the question was passed more than a year ago.
- The law is related to child domestic workers.
- The question is asking about the percentage of child domestic workers who are under the age of 16.
Now, let's go through the answer options and determine the correct one:
A: 84 percent
B: 74 percent
C: 54 percent
D: 64 percent
To find the correct answer, we need to look for the option that represents the highest percentage, as the question states that "more than a year after this law was passed." The correct answer is:
Answer: B. 74 percent
This means that 74 percent of child domestic workers are under the age of 16, even after more than a year since the law was passed.

Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH₃NCO.

Introduction:
The Bhopal Gas tragedy was a devastating industrial disaster that occurred in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India. It is considered one of the worst industrial accidents in history. In order to answer the question of when the tragedy took place, we need to provide a detailed explanation.
Explanation:
The Bhopal Gas tragedy took place on 2 December 1984. Here is a detailed explanation to support this answer:
- The Bhopal Gas tragedy occurred at the Union Carbide India Limited (UCIL) pesticide plant in Bhopal, India.
- On the night of 2 December 1984, a toxic gas called methyl isocyanate (MIC) was released from one of the storage tanks at the plant.
- This gas leak resulted in the exposure of thousands of people to highly toxic gases, causing immediate deaths and long-term health problems.
- The exact cause of the gas leak remains a subject of debate, with factors such as poor maintenance, safety negligence, and inadequate safety systems being cited as contributing factors.
- The tragedy had a severe impact on the local population, leading to thousands of immediate deaths and causing long-term health issues for survivors and their descendants.
- The Bhopal Gas tragedy highlighted the need for stricter industrial safety regulations and better disaster management practices in India and globally.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, the Bhopal Gas tragedy occurred on 2 December 1984. This industrial disaster had a profound impact on the lives of thousands of people and continues to serve as a reminder of the importance of industrial safety and disaster management.

Most of those exposed to the poison gas came from poor, working-class families, of which nearly 50,000 people are today too sick to work. Among those who survived, many developed severe respiratory disorders, eye problems and other disorders. Children developed peculiar abnormalities.

South Asian countries hosting industries producing pesticides, asbestos or processing zinc and lead:
- India: India is a major player in the production of pesticides, asbestos, and processing zinc and lead. It has a significant number of industries in these sectors.
- Bangladesh: Bangladesh also hosts industries producing pesticides, asbestos, and processing zinc and lead. Although not as prominent as India, it still plays a role in these industries.
- Pakistan: Pakistan is another South Asian country that has industries involved in the production of pesticides, asbestos, and processing zinc and lead. It contributes to the overall manufacturing capacity in these sectors.
Reasons for these countries being hosts:
- Availability of resources: South Asian countries, particularly India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, have abundant natural resources required for the production of pesticides, asbestos, and processing zinc and lead. These resources include minerals, land, and agricultural produce.
- Market demand: These countries have a significant domestic market demand for pesticides, asbestos, and zinc and lead products. The industries cater to the needs of the local market as well as export to other countries.
- Cost advantages: South Asian countries offer cost advantages in terms of labor and raw material availability, making it attractive for industries producing pesticides, asbestos, and processing zinc and lead to set up their operations in these countries.
Overall, India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan are prominent hosts for industries involved in the production of pesticides, asbestos, and processing zinc and lead due to their availability of resources, market demand, and cost advantages.

Union Carbide:

Union Carbide is an American company.

Explanation:

• Union Carbide was an American multinational company that was primarily involved in chemicals and polymers production.


• The company was founded in 1917 and had its headquarters in Danbury, Connecticut, United States.


• Union Carbide became well-known for its production of chemicals, industrial gases, and consumer products.


• It was one of the world's largest producers of ethylene glycol, which is used in the production of polyester fibers and resins.


• The company also had a significant presence in the agricultural and electronics sectors.


• However, Union Carbide is perhaps most infamous for the Bhopal disaster, which occurred in 1984 at its pesticide plant in Bhopal, India. The incident resulted in thousands of deaths and injuries.


• Union Carbide was later acquired by The Dow Chemical Company in 2001.

In conclusion:

Union Carbide is an American company that was involved in chemicals, polymers, and various other industries.

Answer:
The statement "right to water entitle everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic use" was made by the United Nations (UN).
Explanation:
- The United Nations is an international organization that aims to promote peace, cooperation, and development among its member states.
- The right to water is recognized by the UN as a fundamental human right.
- The UN has adopted various resolutions and declarations emphasizing the importance of access to clean and safe water for all individuals.
- One such declaration is the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 64/292, which explicitly states that the right to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible, and affordable water for personal and domestic use.
- This resolution was adopted on July 28, 2010, and reaffirms the commitment of the UN to the realization of the right to water and sanitation as essential for the full enjoyment of all human rights.
Therefore, the correct answer is C: United Nations.

Mahbubnagar district is in Telangana.
Explanation:
Mahbubnagar district is located in the state of Telangana, India. Here is a detailed explanation:
- Telangana: Telangana is a state in southern India, formed in 2014 after the division of the state of Andhra Pradesh. It is the youngest state in India. Telangana is known for its rich cultural heritage, historical sites, and diverse landscapes.
- Mahbubnagar: Mahbubnagar is one of the 33 districts in Telangana. It is located in the southern part of the state. The district is named after Mir Mahbub Ali Khan, the sixth Nizam of Hyderabad. Mahbubnagar has a rich history and is known for its architectural wonders, ancient temples, and natural attractions.
- Geographical location: Mahbubnagar district is situated in the Deccan plateau region of India. It is bounded by the districts of Rangareddy, Nagarkurnool, Wanaparthy, Jogulamba Gadwal, and Vikarabad. The Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers flow through the district, adding to its natural beauty.
- Administrative division: Mahbubnagar district is further divided into several mandals (administrative divisions) and towns. Some prominent towns in the district include Mahbubnagar town, Gadwal, Wanaparthy, and Narayanpet.
- Economy: The economy of Mahbubnagar district is mainly dependent on agriculture. The region is known for its production of paddy, cotton, maize, groundnut, and sugarcane. There are also industries related to textiles, food processing, and mining.
- Tourist attractions: Mahbubnagar district is home to several tourist attractions. Some popular places to visit include the Pillalamarri Banyan Tree, Alampur Jogulamba Temple, Koilsagar Dam, Jurala Dam, and the famous Golconda Fort.
Therefore, Mahbubnagar district is located in the state of Telangana, not in Maharashtra, Karnataka, or Odisha.

Many voices were heard after the Prime Minister of India in his extempore speech on the 15th August 2014 on Independence Day spoke of 'Swachh Bharat'. Independence Day speech of the Prime Minister of India carries a message not only for the countrymen but is also a statement to the international community too, being widely reported across the world. The message in the speech was loud and clear. On Mahatma Gandhi's birthday i.e. 2nd October 2014, the campaign was launched with much fanfare. Mahatma Gandhi whom the nation had relegated to archives, came alive on his birthday this year.
 

In 1984, there were very few laws protecting the environment in India. Here is a detailed explanation:
Background:
- In 1984, India had limited legislation regarding environmental protection.
- The country was facing numerous environmental challenges, including pollution, deforestation, and degradation of natural resources.
The lack of laws:
- During this period, there were minimal laws specifically dedicated to environmental protection.
- The absence of comprehensive legislation meant that there were few legal frameworks to regulate and address environmental issues.
Consequences:
- Without adequate laws, environmental degradation continued unchecked, leading to severe consequences.
- Pollution levels rose, impacting the health and well-being of the population.
- Deforestation and habitat destruction accelerated, threatening biodiversity.
- Natural resources were exploited without proper regulations, leading to their depletion.
Need for change:
- The lack of environmental protection laws highlighted the necessity for comprehensive legislation to safeguard India's natural resources and promote sustainable development.
- Over time, the government recognized the need for stronger environmental regulations and initiated efforts to address these concerns.
Conclusion:
- In 1984, India lacked sufficient laws protecting the environment.
- However, recognizing the importance of environmental conservation, the country has since taken significant steps to enact legislation and establish institutions for environmental protection.