Test: Roots, Stems and Leaves - 2 - NEET MCQ

The inflorescence is a collection of flowers in a particular branching pattern that does not contain full-size leaves among the flowers.

Topic in NCERT: THE INFLORESCENCE

Line in NCERT: "The arrangement of flowers on the floral axis is termed as inflorescence."

Functions of Stem:

• It supports and holds leaves, flowers, and fruits.
• The stem allows the leaves to arrange in a way that they are able to receive direct sunlight in order to efficiently perform photosynthesis. The arrangement and position of leaves also allow for gas exchange.
• The xylem and phloem present in the vascular bundles of stems conduct water and minerals across the plant.
• Stems bear flowers and fruits in a position that facilitates the processes of pollination, fertilization, and dispersion of seeds.
• Some stems undergo modification to store food and water.
  Example: Succulents
• Few green stems contain chloroplasts and are capable of carrying out photosynthesis as well.
• Some stems are modified to carry out vegetative propagation which is a form of asexual reproduction seen in plants.

Topic in NCERT: THE STEM

Line in NCERT: "The main function of the stem is spreading out branches bearing leaves, flowers and fruits. It conducts water, minerals and photosynthates. Some stems perform the function of storage of food, support, protection and of vegetative propagation."

Option A: The arrangement of veins on the leaves is known as venation.

Option B: Vernation is the phenomenon of the arrangement of leaves in the bud.

Option C: The arrangement of the flowers on a plant is known as Inflorescence.

Option D: The arrangement of leaves on the stem branches is known as phyllotaxy. Alternate, opposite, whorled, and basal are different arrangements of leaves on the stem.

Hence, option D is correct.

Topic in NCERT: Phyllotaxy

Line in NCERT: "Phyllotaxy is the pattern of arrangement of leaves on the stem or branch."

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Veins provide rigidity to the leaf blade and act as channels for transporting water, minerals and food materials.

Topic in NCERT: THE LEAF

Line in NCERT: "The leaf develops at the node and bears a bud in its axil."

• The green expanded surface on the leaf is called Lamina or leaf blade.
• The stalk like structure that attaches the leaf to the stem is called petiole.
• The part of the leaf at one end of the petiole that attaches the leaf to the node is called the leaf base.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Topic “THE LEAF” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: The source describes a typical leaf as consisting "of three main parts: leaf base, petiole, and lamina.

• The arrangement of leaves in the plant is called phyllotaxy.
• In alternate phyllotaxy, a single leaf is present at each node. This kind of phyllotaxy is seen in China rose. In whorled phyllotaxy, multiple leaves are present at each node.

Hence, the correct option is C
NCERT Reference: Ttopic - Phyllotaxy of chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
 NCERT Line: In an alternate type of phyllotaxy, a single leaf arises at each node in alternate manner, as in china rose, mustard and sun flower plants.

• The region of the stem where buds arise is called a node. The region between two consecutive nodes is called inter-node.
• Stem helps in the conduction of water and nutrients between root and shoot. The shoot system includes fruits, flowers, buds leaves etc.

Hence, the correct option is c

NCERT Reference: Topic “THE STEM” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: "The ascending part of the axis bearing branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits." "The main function of the stem is spreading out branches bearing leaves, flowers, and fruits." 

Palmately compound leaves are a type of compound leaf where the leaflets are attached at a common point, like the fingers of a hand. Each leaflet in a palmately compound leaf is similar in size and shape. Examples of plants with palmately compound leaves include the horse chestnut and the buckeye.
NCERT Reference: Topic “The Leaf” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: In palmately compound leaves, the leaflets are attached at a common point, i.e.,at the tip of the petiole, as in silk cotton.

The root cap serves the essential function of protecting the delicate growing tip of the root as it pushes through the soil. This thimble-like structure helps to shield the root from mechanical damage and desiccation, allowing the root to effectively explore and anchor itself into the soil. An interesting fact about root caps is that they also secrete a slimy substance that helps reduce friction as the root grows downward, making the process more efficient.
NCERT References: Topic “The Root” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: . It protects the tender apex of the root as it makes its way through the soil

The tap root system is characterized by a primary root that grows deep into the soil and gives rise to lateral roots of varying orders. This structure provides stability and efficient nutrient absorption, as seen in plants like mustard. An interesting fact is that tap roots can store significant amounts of food, which is why plants like carrots and radishes are often used for storage purposes in agriculture.
NCERT References: Topic “The Root” of the chapter "Morphology of Flowering Plants" of NCERT.
NCERT Line: In the majority of the dicotyledonous plants, the direct elongation of the radicle leads to the formation of primary root which grows inside the soil. It bears lateral roots of several orders that are referred to as secondary, tertiary, etc. roots.