Why Do We Fall Ill - Class 9 MCQ

This is because your body is releasing more of these cells to fight the infection. But if you have certain illnesses like HIV or cancer, your white blood cell count can drop to very low levels. It can also drop if you are on medicine that weakens your immune system.CD4 cells, also known as T cells, are white blood cells that fight infection and play an important role in your immune system. A CD4 count is used to check the health of the immune system in people infected with HIV (human immunodeficiency virus). HIV attacks and destroys CD4 cells.

Answer:
Malaria is caused by a protozoan. Here is a detailed explanation:
Protozoan:
- Malaria is caused by a group of parasitic protozoans belonging to the Plasmodium genus.
- The most common species that infect humans are Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, and Plasmodium ovale.
- These protozoans are transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.
Other options:
- Fungi: Fungi are not responsible for causing malaria. Malaria is specifically caused by protozoans.
- Virus: Malaria is not caused by a virus. It is caused by protozoans.
- Bacteria: Bacteria are not responsible for causing malaria. Malaria is caused by protozoans, not bacteria.
Conclusion:
Malaria is caused by a protozoan, specifically the Plasmodium species. It is important to understand the cause of malaria in order to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Isabgol, also known as "psyllium husk," is a common health supplement used to treat constipation, other digestive problems, diarrhoea and a few non-digestive problems such as high cholesterol. It contains 70 percent soluble fiber and, as a result, acts as a bulk-forming laxative, which aids in intestinal movement. 

Explanation:
The correct answer is C: sodium cyanide. Here's a detailed explanation:
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent or treat dehydration, particularly due to diarrhea. It contains a specific combination of electrolytes and glucose to help replenish the body's fluids and restore electrolyte balance.
The key components of oral rehydration solution include:
1. Sodium chloride: Also known as table salt, sodium chloride helps to replace the sodium lost through dehydration.
2. Sodium bicarbonate: This compound helps to regulate the pH balance in the body and can be found in some formulations of ORS.
3. Glucose: Glucose is a type of sugar that provides energy and aids in the absorption of electrolytes.
However, sodium cyanide is NOT a component of oral rehydration solution. Sodium cyanide is a highly toxic compound that can be fatal if ingested. It is not used in medical treatments and should never be consumed.
In conclusion, oral rehydration solution does not contain sodium cyanide. It is important to ensure that the information provided on the label of any oral rehydration solution product matches the components mentioned above to ensure its safety and effectiveness.

The vitamin that is not fat soluble is vitamin B complex.
Explanation:
- Fat soluble vitamins are vitamins that can dissolve in fat and are stored in the body's fatty tissues. They include vitamins A, D, E, and K.
- Vitamin B complex, on the other hand, is a group of water soluble vitamins that include B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B5 (pantothenic acid), B6 (pyridoxine), B7 (biotin), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin).
- Water soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and are excreted in the urine. They need to be consumed regularly through diet or supplements.
- Since vitamin B complex is water soluble, it is not stored in the body's fat tissues like the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K.
- Therefore, the correct answer is B: vitamin B complex.

Answer:
Xerophthalmia is a condition that is caused by a deficiency of vitamin A. Vitamin A is an essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in maintaining the health of the eyes and proper vision. When there is a deficiency of vitamin A, the eyes can become dry and inflamed, leading to symptoms like night blindness, corneal ulcers, and even permanent blindness if left untreated.
Here is a detailed explanation of why Xerophthalmia is caused due to a deficiency of vitamin A:
1. Vitamin A and Eye Health:
- Vitamin A is essential for the formation and maintenance of healthy epithelial cells, including those on the surface of the eyes.
- It plays a vital role in the production of rhodopsin, a pigment that helps with low-light and night vision.
- Vitamin A also helps protect the cornea, the transparent outer covering of the eye, from damage and infection.
2. Deficiency of Vitamin A:
- A deficiency of vitamin A can occur due to inadequate dietary intake or poor absorption of the vitamin.
- This deficiency is more common in developing countries where access to a balanced diet is limited.
- Certain medical conditions, such as cystic fibrosis or liver disease, can also impair the absorption and utilization of vitamin A.
3. Xerophthalmia Symptoms:
- Xerophthalmia is characterized by dryness, redness, and inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids.
- Night blindness, or the inability to see clearly in low-light conditions, is often one of the first symptoms of vitamin A deficiency.
- If left untreated, Xerophthalmia can progress to more severe stages, including corneal ulcers, scarring, and irreversible damage to the eyes.
4. Treatment and Prevention:
- The treatment for Xerophthalmia involves providing sufficient vitamin A to the affected individual.
- In mild cases, oral supplementation or dietary changes rich in vitamin A sources, such as liver, fish, carrots, and dark leafy greens, may be sufficient.
- In severe cases, particularly those with corneal ulcers or infections, hospitalization and high-dose vitamin A supplementation may be necessary.
- To prevent Xerophthalmia, it is essential to ensure an adequate intake of vitamin A through a balanced diet or supplementation, especially in populations at risk.
In conclusion, Xerophthalmia is caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, which is essential for maintaining the health of the eyes and proper vision. Adequate intake of vitamin A through a balanced diet or supplementation is crucial in preventing this condition.

Pallegra is a 4D - syndrome and this been caused due to lack of vitamin niacin ( vitamin B3)
prognosis: Good ( with treatment )
death in ~ 5 years ( without treatment )

An insect which transmits a disease is known as a vector.
Some key points to explain this concept are:
- A vector is an organism, typically an insect or arthropod, that transmits a disease-causing pathogen from one host to another.
- Vectors can transmit diseases such as malaria, dengue fever, Zika virus, Lyme disease, and many others.
- The transmission of the disease occurs when the vector bites an infected host, acquires the pathogen, and then transfers it to a susceptible host during a subsequent bite.
- Vectors can be mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, flies, or other biting insects.
- The ability of an insect to transmit a disease depends on various factors such as its biology, behavior, and the pathogen it carries.
- Vectors play a crucial role in the spread of many diseases and are often targeted in disease control and prevention efforts.
- Understanding the biology and ecology of vectors is important in developing effective strategies to control and prevent the transmission of vector-borne diseases.

Which of the following disease is not communicable:
Answer: D. Leukemia
Explanation:
Communicable diseases are those that can be transmitted from one person to another through various modes of transmission such as direct contact, airborne droplets, contaminated food or water, or vectors like mosquitoes or ticks. Leukemia, on the other hand, is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It is not a communicable disease as it does not spread from person to person. Here's a breakdown of the other options:
A. Typhoid: Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. It is a highly communicable disease that spreads through contaminated food or water, usually due to poor sanitation or hygiene.
B. Leprosy: Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium leprae. It primarily affects the skin, nerves, and mucous membranes. Although it is less contagious than previously thought, leprosy can still be transmitted through prolonged close contact with an infected person.
C. Measles: Measles is a highly contagious viral infection caused by the measles virus. It spreads through respiratory droplets from infected individuals and can also survive on surfaces for several hours. Vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence of measles worldwide.
In summary, while typhoid, leprosy, and measles are communicable diseases, leukemia is not. Leukemia is a type of cancer that develops in the blood-forming tissues of the body and is not transmitted from person to person.