Test: Sociology And Society - 2 - Humanities/Arts MCQ

The word Sociology originates from two words: 'Socius' of Latin language and 'Logos' of Greek language. 'Socius' means 'companion' and 'logos' means science or study. Thus, Sociology is the science of human society.

- Social control refers to mechanisms, strategies, and institutions used by societies to regulate individual behavior and maintain order.

- It ensures conformity to societal norms and laws through formal means (laws, regulations) and informal means (customs, traditions).

- By encouraging conformity, social control reduces chaos and unpredictability, leading to social order.

- Social order is essential for the smooth functioning of society, allowing for predictability and stability in social interactions.

- Therefore, social control brings social order to society.

- The correct answer is C: The ability to see the connection between personal troubles and public issues.
- Sociological Imagination is a concept introduced by C. Wright Mills.
- It involves understanding how personal experiences are linked to larger social and historical forces.
- This perspective helps individuals see how their personal lives are affected by broader societal structures.
- For example, unemployment might feel personal but is often influenced by economic conditions and policies.

Sociology focuses on how norms and values actually operate in society, as opposed to philosophy's focus, which is on what those norms and values "ought to be". Therefore, the correct answer is Option B.

- Peter Berger, a renowned sociologist, uses the analogy of a "spy" to describe the role of a sociologist.
- Sociologists, like spies, gather information about the social world without bias.
- They observe, analyze, and understand social patterns and structures.
- This analogy emphasizes objectivity and the pursuit of insights into society.
- Berger highlights the importance of being an impartial observer to understand the complexities of human behavior and social relationships effectively.

- Social problems are issues that affect individuals or groups within a society and can include poverty, inequality, crime, and discrimination.
- These problems are studied in the realm of sociology, which is the scientific study of society, social institutions, and social relationships.
- Sociology provides tools to understand how societal structures and cultural norms influence individual behaviors and societal outcomes.
- It explores how social factors shape human experiences and contribute to social change.

- The key characteristic of the sociological approach is C: A systematic and questioning approach based on scientific principles.
- Sociology involves analyzing and understanding human behavior and society through empirical research and critical thinking.
- This approach relies on data collection, hypothesis testing, and theoretical frameworks to understand social phenomena.
- It contrasts with common sense or personal opinions, which lack rigorous methodology.
- Sociologists challenge traditional beliefs by questioning and investigating them using scientific methods.

The correct answer is Option C: The Enlightenment.

• The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in the 17th and 18th centuries.


• It emphasized reason, science, and individualism rather than tradition and faith.


• Thinkers like Voltaire, Locke, and Rousseau influenced the development of sociology.


• They advocated for rational thought and empirical evidence in understanding human society.


• This movement laid the groundwork for modern social sciences by encouraging critical thinking and questioning established norms.

 

- The Industrial Revolution fundamentally altered work by introducing factory systems.
- Option C is correct because:
- It transitioned work from being dictated by natural factors like daylight and seasons to a regimented schedule based on clock time.
- Workers adjusted to shifts, increasing productivity and standardizing labor.
- This shift enabled mass production and urbanization, transforming economies and society.
- It replaced artisanal craftsmanship with machine operation, reducing traditional skills' importance.

The correct answer is C: Sociology considers the broader social context of economic behavior, while traditional economics focuses on economic variables.

• Sociology: Examines how social structures, cultural norms, and group dynamics influence economic behavior. It provides insights into how societal factors impact economic decisions and outcomes.


• Economics: Traditionally studies economic variables such as supply, demand, and market equilibrium, often assuming rational behavior and focusing on models and theories.


• The two disciplines intersect in areas like economic sociology, where social factors are integrated into economic analysis.